Synonymy

• Homotypic
  • Xiphidium floribundum Sw., Prodr.: 17. 1788, nom. illeg. superfl.
  • Xiphidium floribundum var. caeruleum (Aubl.) Hook., Bot. Mag. 84: sub t. 5055. 1858, nom. illeg. superfl. (as β. cæruleum)

• Heterotypic
  • Xiphidium albidum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1(1.1): 131. 1791.
  • Ixia xiphidium Loefl. ex Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1(1.1): 131. 1791, nom. inval. pro syn.
  • Xiphidium album Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 1(1): 248. 1797.
  • Xiphidium rubrum D.Don, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 13(26): 235. 1832.
  • Ornithogalum rubrum Ruiz & Pav. ex D.Don, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 13(26): 235. 1832, nom. inval. pro syn.
  • Xiphidium fockeanum Miq., Linnaea 17(1): 63(–65). 1843. (as Xiphidium Fockeanum)
  • Xiphidium giganteum Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 32: sub t. 66. 1846.
  • Xiphidium floribundum var. albiflorum Hook., Bot. Mag. 84: , t. 5055. 1858. (as α. albiflorum)
  • Eccremis scabra Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 316. 1898. (as Excremis (?) scabra)
  • Xiphidium caeruleum var. albidum (Lam.) Backer, Handb. Fl. Java 3: 80. 1924.
  • Xiphidium loeflingii Mutis, Diario Observ. Mutis 2: 51(–52). 1958, nom. inval., sine descr. lat. (as Xiphidium. Loeflingii)

Primary references

• Don, D. 1832. On the characters and affinities of certain genera, chiefly belonging to the Flora Peruviana. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 13: 233–244. BHL Reference page. 

• Fusée Aublet, J.B.C. 1775. Histoire des plantes de la Guiane françoise, rangées suivant la méthode sexuelle, avec plusieurs mémoires sur différens objets intéressans, relatifs à la culture & au commerce de la Guiane françoise, & une notice des plantes de l' Isle-de-France. Tome 1. Pp. I–XXIX, 30–32, 1–621. Pierre-François Didot jeune, Londres [London], Paris. BHL. Reference page. 

• Fusée Aublet, J.B.C. 1775. Histoire des plantes de la Guiane françoise, rangées suivant la méthode sexuelle, avec plusieurs mémoires sur différens objets intéressans, relatifs à la culture & au commerce de la Guiane françoise, & une notice des plantes de l' Isle-de-France. Tome 3. Tt. 1–193. Pierre-François Didot jeune, Londres [London], Paris. BHL. Reference page. 

• Hooker, W.J. 1858. Tab. 5055. Xiphidium floribundum. In Curtis’s botanical magazine, comprising the plants of the Royal Gardens of Kew, and of other botanical establishments in Great Britain; with suitable descriptions. Vol. LXXXIV [= Vol. XIV of the third series.] Lovell Reeve, London. BHL Reference page. 

• Kuntze, O. 1898. Revisio generum plantarum vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum. Pars III^II. VI+201+576 pp. Arthur Felix, Leipzig [etc.] BHL Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 

• Lamarck, J.-B. 1791–1793 ["1791"]. Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Botanique. Premiere livraison. XVI+496 pp., tt. 1–111. Panckoucke, Paris. BHL Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 

• Miquel, F.A.W. 1843. Ueber einige Pflanzen aus Surinam. Linnaea 17: 58–74. BHL Reference page. 

• Swartz, O. 1788. Nova genera & species plantarum seu Prodromus descriptionum vegetabilium, maximam partem incognitorum quae sub itinere in Indiam Occidentalem annis 1783–87 digessit Olof Swartz. M. D. X+152 pp., index. M.Swederi, Holmiae [Stockholm] etc. BHL Reference page. 

• Willdenow, C.L. 1797. Caroli a Linné Species plantarum exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus synonymis selectis, locis natalibus secundum systema sexuale digestas. Editio quarta. Tomus I. Pars I. Pp. I–XXXI, 1–495. Impensis G. C. Nauk, Berolini [Berlin]. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. 2012. Haemodoraceae. In Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 365. BHL Reference page. 

• Maas, P.J.M. & Maas, H. 1999. Haemodoraceae. Pp. 576–581 in Steyermark, J.A. (†), Berry, P.E., Yatskievych, K. & Holst, B.K. (eds.), Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 5, Eriocaulaceae–Lentibulariaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 0-915279-71-1. Reference page. 

• Maas-van de Kamer, H. & Maas, P.J.M. 2003. Haemodoraceae. Pp. 576–577 in Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.), Manual de plantas de Costa Rica, Vol. II, Gimnospermas y Monocotiledóneas (Agavaceae–Musaceae). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 1-930723-22-9. BHL Reference page. 

• Macbride, J.F. 1936. 30. Haemodoraceae. In Flora of Peru. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 13(1/3): 630–631. BHL Reference page.  (as Xiphidium album)

• Morales-Lizcano, G. 1987. Flora de la Real Expedicion Botanica del Nuevo Reyno de Granada (1783–1816) promovida y dirigida por Jose Celestino Mutis. Tomo VI: Liliaceas, Smilacaceas, Haemodoraceas, Hypoxidaceas, Dioscoreaceas, Iridaceas, Burmanniaceas, Xyridaceas, Eriocaulaceas, Musaceas, Zingiberaceas, Cannaceas y Marantaceas. IX+64 pp., 68 tt. Ediciones Cultura Hispanica, Madrid. ISBN 84-7232-431-1. Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 

Links

• International Plant Names Index. 2018. Xiphidium caeruleum. Published online. Accessed 01 May 2018.

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Xiphidium caeruleum in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 05 01.

• GBIF

• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Xiphidium caeruleum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed on 2012-05-01.

• Hassler, M. 2018. Xiphidium caeruleum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (2019). In: Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi, J., Penev L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 June 22.

• Tropicos.org 2018. Xiphidium caeruleum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 01 May 2018.

• Tropicos.org: Flora Mesoamericana: Xiphidium caeruleum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on internet. Accessed: 01 May 2018.

• Xiphidium caeruleum in Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Accessed: 01 May 2018.

• Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of the Department of Antioquia (Colombia): Xiphidium caeruleum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on internet. Accessed: 01 May 2018.

• Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: Xiphidium caeruleum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on internet. Accessed: 01 May 2018.

• Tropicos.org: Bolivia Catalogue: Xiphidium caeruleum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on internet. Accessed: 01 May 2018.

• Xiphidium caeruleum in Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed 01 May 2018.

For more multimedia, look at Xiphidium caeruleum on Wikimedia Commons.