Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum, Tomus II: 1057.

Additional references

• Govaerts, R.H.A. 2001. World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS E-F: 1-50919. [unavailable to the public] Reference page. 

• Wallander, E. 2008. Systematics of Fraxinus (Oleaceae) and evolution of dioecy. Plant Systematics and Evolution 273(1–2): 25–49. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-008-0005-3 . JSTOR . ResearchGate . Reference page. 

• Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. 2013. Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du Nord. Volume 5: Dicotyledoneae: Oleaceae – Zygophyllaceae. Conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève, ISBN 978-2-8277-0128-5, 451 pp. PDF Reference page. 

• Dimopoulos, P., Raus, Th., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, Th., Iatroú, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A. & Tzanoudakis, D. 2013. Vascular Plants of Greece: An Annotated Checklist. Englera 31: 1–368. Reference page. 

• Wallander, E. 2013. Systematics and floral evolution in Fraxinus (Oleaceae). Belgische Dendrologie Belge 2012: 38–58. PDF. Reference page. 

Links

• Khela, S. & Oldfield, S. 2018. Fraxinus excelsior. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. IUCN Red List Category: Near Threatened . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T203367A67807718.en .

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Fraxinus excelsior in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Oct 26.

• Hassler, M. 2019. Fraxinus excelsior. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (2019). In: Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi, J., Penev L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Oct 26.

• International Plant Names Index. 2019. Fraxinus excelsior. Published online. Accessed 26 October 2019.