Synonyms

• Ceractinomorpha Lévi, 1953 (disused, paraphyletic)
• Cornacuspongia Vosmaer, 1887 (disused)
• Monaxonida Ridley & Dendy, 1887 (disused)
• Sclerospongiae Hartman & Goreau, 1970 (disused, paraphyletic)
• Tetractinomorpha Lévi, 1953 (disused, paraphyletic)

Primary references

• Sollas, W.J. 1885. A Classification of the Sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 5, 16(95): 395. DOI: 10.1080/00222938509459901

Additional references

• Lévi, C. 1979. Remarques sur la taxonomie des Demonspongea. Colloques internationaux du CNRS 291: 497–502.
• Soest, R.W.M., van 1991. Demosponge higher taxa classification re-examination. Pp. 54-71 in Reitner, J. & Keupp, H. (eds.). Fossil and recent sponges. Springer-Verlag: Berlin.
• Borchiellini, C., Chombard, C., Manuel, M., Alivon, E., Vacelet, J. & Boury-Esnault, N. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of Demospongiae: implications for classification and scenarios of character evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 823–837. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.02.021

• Hajdu, E. et al. 2013: Twelve new Demospongiae (Porifera) from Chilean fjords, with remarks upon sponge-derived biogeographic compartments in the SE Pacific. Zootaxa 3744(1): 1–64. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3744.1.1 Reference page. 

• Cárdenas, P., Pérez, T. & Boury-Esnault, N. 2012. Chapter two – Sponge Systematics Facing New Challenges. pp. 79-209 in Becerro, M.A., Uriz, M.J., Maldonado, M. & Turon, X. (eds.). Advances in Sponge Science: Phylogeny, Systematics, Ecology. Advances in Marine Biology 61: 432 pp. ISBN 978-0-12-387787-1 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387787-1.00010-6 Reference page. 

• Erpenbeck, D., Sutcliffe, P., Cook, S. de C., Dietzel, A., Maldonado, M., Van Soest, R.W., Hooper, J.N. & Wörheide, G. 2012. Horny sponges and their affairs: On the phylogenetic relationships of keratose sponges. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63(3): 809–816. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.024 Reference page. 

• Manconi, R. et al. 2013: An overview of the Mediterranean cave-dwelling horny sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae). ZooKeys 281: 1–68. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.281.4171 Reference page. 

• Pestana, R., Ribeiro, C., Boury-Esnault, N. & Biscoito, M. 2018. Systematic account of new Porifera (Demospongiae) records from the oceanic Island of Madeira (NE Atlantic). Zootaxa 4402(2): 395–400. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.11 Reference page. 

• Redmond, N.E., Morrow, C.C., Thacker, R.W., Díaz, M.C., Boury-Esnault, N., Cárdenas, P., Hajdu, E., Lôbo-Hajdu, G., Picton, B.E., Pomponi, S.A., Kayal, E. & Collins, A.G. 2013. Phylogeny and Systematics of Demospongiae in Light of New Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA (18S) Sequences. Integrative and Comparative Biology 53(3): 388–415. DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict078 Reference page. 

• Lehnert, H. & Stone, R.P.. 2015. New species of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska. Zootaxa 4033(4): 451–483. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.4.1 Preview (PDF) Reference page. 

• Morrow, C. & Cárdenas, P. 2015. Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera). Frontiers in Zoology 12: 7. DOI: 10.1186/s12983-015-0099-8 Reference page. 

• van Soest, R.W.M. 2017. Sponges of the Guyana Shelf. Zootaxa 4217(1): 1–225. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4217.1.1 . Reference page. 

Links

• Demospongiae in the World Register of Marine Species
• Tree of Life Web Project. 2008. Demospongiae. Version 04 March 2008 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Demospongiae/20439/2008.03.04 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/