Links

• Centrohelea in the World Register of Marine Species

Cavalier-Smith (1993)

From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla

Kingdom Protozoa
Parvkingdom: Actinopoda
Phylum: Heliozoa Haeckel, 1866 emend. stat. nov. Margulis, 1974

• Class Nucleohelea
• Class Centrohelea

Cavalier-Smith (2002)

From The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa

Kingdom: Protozoa
Subkingdom: Gymnomyxa
Infrakingdom: Rhizaria

• Class Centrohelea
• Class Nucleohelea (?)

Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, .

• Superkingdom Eukaryota
  • Kingdom Chromista
    • Subkingdom Hacrobia
      • Phylum Heliozoa
        • Class Centrohelea
          • Order Acanthocystida
          • Order Pterocystida

Cavalier-Smith et al. (2015)

Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista, .

Kingdom Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981

• Subkingdom 1. Hacrobia Okamoto et al. ex Cavalier-Smith, 2010 and Cavalier-Smith, 2010
  • Phylum 1. Haptista Cavalier-Smith phyl. n. (originally infrakingdom)
    • Subphylum 2. Heliozoa Cavalier-Smith subphyl. n.
      • Class Centrohelea Kühn, 1926 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1993 (e.g. Oxnerella, Polyplacocystis, Acanthocystis, Raphidiophrys) (= unranked Centroheliozoa: Dürrschmidt and Patterson, 1987a and Dürrschmidt and Patterson, 1987b)