England. they declared that no arrangements had been made for

paying the wages of the crews of their ships, and that, had not most of the lords pMd, or undertaken to pay, the men for fifteen days, the vessels could not have quitted port. They were then Plymouth, nd would sail gin as soon s the wind permitted; but if the queen should not be ready to embark upon their arrivM, or if bad weather should protract the voyage, the lack of money might imperil the issue of the expedition. Joan embarked Cmret on JuuLv 13th, 1403, intending to make Southampton, but after a rough passage of five days, she was glad to land at Falmouth.^[1]

In the interwl the piraticM warfare went ou. In the course of the winter. several persons of Plymouth or Cornwall, including the celebrated freebooter Har W Iay, a were sramhoned before the Council for haviug captm'ed a ship of Castfile, and a few weeks later some men of Dover, Portsmouth, Fowey, Hull. and Rye lind to explain their conduct to certMu aggrieved Flareands.^[2]

In July, 1403, similar proceedings brought about a regular sea fight, ending in an English defeat. An English force was cruising off the coast of Brittany, and committing various enormities, when, by the advice of Olivier de Clisson, the Bretons deterlnined to intercept the passage home of the marauders. hVith the Sire de Peuhert, Admiral of Brittany, and Guilleatfine du Chattel as their commanders, they embarked twelve hundred men-at-arms and large boy of light troops in thirty vessels at St. Pol de Lon, near Morhfix, and put to sea, having previosly scut scouts ahead of them. Next day the scouts returned d reported the English off St. Mathieu, on the coast near Fiuistbre, and the Bretons, proceeding, sighted their enemy at M9out sunset. In the night, the English got under way, as if steering for home, aud at dawn each fleet was formed into two divisions, and the Bretons attacked. After six hours of hot fightiug, the English, findlug their formation dis-

Pro. and (rd. t,t' Privy Council, i. l. 

e (r llenry Pay: the same who assisted in the taking o twenty-nine French vessels in 1405. He is said to have lived at Po,,le, hut is believed to have been Sussex man. lie is sometimes called a knight. In 1414 he was paid ;s. sd. for g-ing t-Calais t- ascertain the l,,,siti.n of affairs there. Bey, red the acct,unt given here and elsewhere in the text, little is known .f him. s Cl,.,se lh,lls, 4 lien. IV.

There was then an admiral of each maritime duchy in France. In 1625 

Duke de Guise calleil himself Admiral ,,f Provence, and ,,nly in 1695 was the oce of

Admn'al of Brittany abolished.