alphabet of their language. It is composed of eighty-six char- acters, by which in a few days the older Indians, who had de- spaired of deriving an educationp by means of the schools, and who are not included in the existing school system, may read and correspond."^[1]

Nerer did mouataineers eling more desperately to their homes than did the Cherokces. The State of Georgia put the whole nation in duress, but still they chose to stay. Year by year high-handed oppressions increased and multiplied; mili tary law reigned everywhere; Cherokee lands were surveyed, and put up to be drawn by lottery; missionaries were arrested and sent to prison for preaching to Cherokees; Cherokces were sentenced to death by Georgia jurics, and hung by Georgia execntioncrs. Appoal after appcal to the President and to Congress for protection prodnced only reiterated confessions of the Government's inability to protect them-reiterated pro- posals to then to acccpt a price for their eountry and move away. Nevertheless they elung to it. A few hundreds went, but the body of the nation stili protested and entreated. There is nothing in history touching than the cries of this peo- ple to the Government of the United States to fulfil its prom- ises to them. And their cause was not without cloqnent ad- vocates. Wheu the bill for their removal was before Congress, Frelinghuysen, Sprague, Robbins, Storrs, Ellswort, Evans, IIuntington, Johns, Bates, Crockett, Everett, Test-all spoke warmly against it; and, to the eredit of Congress be it said, the bill passed the Senate by only one majority

The Rev. Jeremiah Evarts published a series of papers in the National Intelligencer under the signature of Willinm Pen, in which ho gave a masterly analysis and summing up of the ease, recapitulated the sixteen treaties which the Government

had made with the Cherokees, all guarantecing to them their

more