znj

Egyptian

3ae inf.

(transitive or intransitive) to pass by
- c. 2000–1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115), lines 8–10:
  
  pḥ.n.n pḥwj wꜣwꜣt zn.n.n znmwt
  We have reached the end of Lower Nubia, and we have passed by Bigeh.
(transitive) to surpass, to exceed

Conjugation of znj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: zn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
znt, znj	znw, zn	znt, znwt, znyt	zn	zn, zny

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
zn⁸	ḥr znt, ḥr znj	m znt, m znj	r znt, r znj

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	zn.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	znw¹, zny, zn	active + .tj¹, .tw²	zn	zny, zn
imperfective	zn, zny, znw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	zn, znj⁶, zny⁶	zn, znw⁵
prospective	znw¹, zny, zn, zntj⁷	—	znwtj^{1 4}, zntj⁴, znt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Allen, James (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, revised second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 282

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