vuma

Swahili

Verb

-vuma (infinitive kuvuma)

to growl, howl, hum, roar

Conjugation

Conjugation of -vuma

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kuvuma

kutovuma

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

vuma

vumeni

Habitual

huvuma

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilivuma nalivuma	tulivuma twalivuma	ulivuma walivuma	mlivuma mwalivuma	alivuma	walivuma	ulivuma	ilivuma	lilivuma	yalivuma	kilivuma	vilivuma	ilivuma	zilivuma	ulivuma	kulivuma	palivuma	mulivuma
Relative	niliovuma naliovuma	tuliovuma twaliovuma	uliovuma waliovuma	mliovuma mwaliovuma	aliovuma	waliovuma	uliovuma	iliovuma	liliovuma	yaliovuma	kiliovuma	viliovuma	iliovuma	ziliovuma	uliovuma	kuliovuma	paliovuma	muliovuma
Negative	sikuvuma	hatukuvuma	hukuvuma	hamkuvuma	hakuvuma	hawakuvuma	haukuvuma	haikuvuma	halikuvuma	hayakuvuma	hakikuvuma	havikuvuma	haikuvuma	hazikuvuma	haukuvuma	hakukuvuma	hapakuvuma	hamukuvuma

Present
Positive	ninavuma navuma	tunavuma	unavuma	mnavuma	anavuma	wanavuma	unavuma	inavuma	linavuma	yanavuma	kinavuma	vinavuma	inavuma	zinavuma	unavuma	kunavuma	panavuma	munavuma
Relative	ninaovuma naovuma	tunaovuma	unaovuma	mnaovuma	anaovuma	wanaovuma	unaovuma	inaovuma	linaovuma	yanaovuma	kinaovuma	vinaovuma	inaovuma	zinaovuma	unaovuma	kunaovuma	panaovuma	munaovuma
Negative	sivumi	hatuvumi	huvumi	hamvumi	havumi	hawavumi	hauvumi	haivumi	halivumi	hayavumi	hakivumi	havivumi	haivumi	hazivumi	hauvumi	hakuvumi	hapavumi	hamuvumi

Future
Positive	nitavuma	tutavuma	utavuma	mtavuma	atavuma	watavuma	utavuma	itavuma	litavuma	yatavuma	kitavuma	vitavuma	itavuma	zitavuma	utavuma	kutavuma	patavuma	mutavuma
Relative	nitakaovuma	tutakaovuma	utakaovuma	mtakaovuma	atakaovuma	watakaovuma	utakaovuma	itakaovuma	litakaovuma	yatakaovuma	kitakaovuma	vitakaovuma	itakaovuma	zitakaovuma	utakaovuma	kutakaovuma	patakaovuma	mutakaovuma
Negative	sitavuma	hatutavuma	hutavuma	hamtavuma	hatavuma	hawatavuma	hautavuma	haitavuma	halitavuma	hayatavuma	hakitavuma	havitavuma	haitavuma	hazitavuma	hautavuma	hakutavuma	hapatavuma	hamutavuma

Subjunctive
Positive	nivume	tuvume	uvume	mvume	avume	wavume	uvume	ivume	livume	yavume	kivume	vivume	ivume	zivume	uvume	kuvume	pavume	muvume
Negative	nisivume	tusivume	usivume	msivume	asivume	wasivume	usivume	isivume	lisivume	yasivume	kisivume	visivume	isivume	zisivume	usivume	kusivume	pasivume	musivume

Present Conditional
Positive	ningevuma	tungevuma	ungevuma	mngevuma	angevuma	wangevuma	ungevuma	ingevuma	lingevuma	yangevuma	kingevuma	vingevuma	ingevuma	zingevuma	ungevuma	kungevuma	pangevuma	mungevuma
Negative	nisingevuma singevuma	tusingevuma hatungevuma	usingevuma hungevuma	msingevuma hamngevuma	asingevuma hangevuma	wasingevuma hawangevuma	usingevuma haungevuma	isingevuma haingevuma	lisingevuma halingevuma	yasingevuma hayangevuma	kisingevuma hakingevuma	visingevuma havingevuma	isingevuma haingevuma	zisingevuma hazingevuma	usingevuma haungevuma	kusingevuma hakungevuma	pasingevuma hapangevuma	musingevuma hamungevuma

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalivuma	tungalivuma	ungalivuma	mngalivuma	angalivuma	wangalivuma	ungalivuma	ingalivuma	lingalivuma	yangalivuma	kingalivuma	vingalivuma	ingalivuma	zingalivuma	ungalivuma	kungalivuma	pangalivuma	mungalivuma
Negative	nisingalivuma singalivuma	tusingalivuma hatungalivuma	usingalivuma hungalivuma	msingalivuma hamngalivuma	asingalivuma hangalivuma	wasingalivuma hawangalivuma	usingalivuma haungalivuma	isingalivuma haingalivuma	lisingalivuma halingalivuma	yasingalivuma hayangalivuma	kisingalivuma hakingalivuma	visingalivuma havingalivuma	isingalivuma haingalivuma	zisingalivuma hazingalivuma	usingalivuma haungalivuma	kusingalivuma hakungalivuma	pasingalivuma hapangalivuma	musingalivuma hamungalivuma

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelivuma	tungelivuma	ungelivuma	mngelivuma	angelivuma	wangelivuma	ungelivuma	ingelivuma	lingelivuma	yangelivuma	kingelivuma	vingelivuma	ingelivuma	zingelivuma	ungelivuma	kungelivuma	pangelivuma	mungelivuma

General Relative
Positive	nivumao	tuvumao	uvumao	mvumao	avumao	wavumao	uvumao	ivumao	livumao	yavumao	kivumao	vivumao	ivumao	zivumao	uvumao	kuvumao	pavumao	muvumao
Negative	nisiovuma	tusiovuma	usiovuma	msiovuma	asiovuma	wasiovuma	usiovuma	isiovuma	lisiovuma	yasiovuma	kisiovuma	visiovuma	isiovuma	zisiovuma	usiovuma	kusiovuma	pasiovuma	musiovuma

Gnomic
Positive	navuma	twavuma	wavuma	mwavuma	avuma	wavuma	wavuma	yavuma	lavuma	yavuma	chavuma	vyavuma	yavuma	zavuma	wavuma	kwavuma	pavuma	mwavuma

Perfect
Positive	nimevuma	tumevuma	umevuma	mmevuma	amevuma	wamevuma	umevuma	imevuma	limevuma	yamevuma	kimevuma	vimevuma	imevuma	zimevuma	umevuma	kumevuma	pamevuma	mumevuma

"Already"
Positive	nimeshavuma	tumeshavuma	umeshavuma	mmeshavuma	ameshavuma	wameshavuma	umeshavuma	imeshavuma	limeshavuma	yameshavuma	kimeshavuma	vimeshavuma	imeshavuma	zimeshavuma	umeshavuma	kumeshavuma	pameshavuma	mumeshavuma

"Not yet"
Negative	sijavuma	hatujavuma	hujavuma	hamjavuma	hajavuma	hawajavuma	haujavuma	haijavuma	halijavuma	hayajavuma	hakijavuma	havijavuma	haijavuma	hazijavuma	haujavuma	hakujavuma	hapajavuma	hamujavuma

"If/When"
Positive	nikivuma	tukivuma	ukivuma	mkivuma	akivuma	wakivuma	ukivuma	ikivuma	likivuma	yakivuma	kikivuma	vikivuma	ikivuma	zikivuma	ukivuma	kukivuma	pakivuma	mukivuma

"If not"
Negative	nisipovuma	tusipovuma	usipovuma	msipovuma	asipovuma	wasipovuma	usipovuma	isipovuma	lisipovuma	yasipovuma	kisipovuma	visipovuma	isipovuma	zisipovuma	usipovuma	kusipovuma	pasipovuma	musipovuma

Consecutive
Positive	nikavuma	tukavuma	ukavuma	mkavuma	akavuma	wakavuma	ukavuma	ikavuma	likavuma	yakavuma	kikavuma	vikavuma	ikavuma	zikavuma	ukavuma	kukavuma	pakavuma	mukavuma

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -vumilia
- Causative: -vumisha (“cause commotion”)
- Stative: -vumika (“be famous”)

Xhosa

Verb

-vuma^?

to agree

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

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