toana

Swahili

Verb

-toana (infinitive kutoana)

  1. Reciprocal form of -toa

Conjugation

Conjugation of -toana
Non-finite forms
Form Positive Negative
Infinitive kutoana kutotoana
Simple finite forms
Positive form Singular Plural
Imperative toana toaneni
Habitual hutoana
Complex finite forms
Polarity Persons Persons / Classes Classes
1st 2nd 3rd / M-wa M-mi Ma Ki-vi N U Ku Pa Mu
Sg. Pl. Sg. Pl. Sg. / 1 Pl. / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 / 14 15 / 17 16 18
Past
Positive nilitoana
nalitoana		 tulitoana
twalitoana		 ulitoana
walitoana		 mlitoana
mwalitoana		 alitoana walitoana ulitoana ilitoana lilitoana yalitoana kilitoana vilitoana ilitoana zilitoana ulitoana kulitoana palitoana mulitoana
Relative niliotoana
naliotoana		 tuliotoana
twaliotoana		 uliotoana
waliotoana		 mliotoana
mwaliotoana		 aliotoana waliotoana uliotoana iliotoana liliotoana yaliotoana kiliotoana viliotoana iliotoana ziliotoana uliotoana kuliotoana paliotoana muliotoana
Negative sikutoana hatukutoana hukutoana hamkutoana hakutoana hawakutoana haukutoana haikutoana halikutoana hayakutoana hakikutoana havikutoana haikutoana hazikutoana haukutoana hakukutoana hapakutoana hamukutoana
Present
Positive ninatoana
natoana		 tunatoana unatoana mnatoana anatoana wanatoana unatoana inatoana linatoana yanatoana kinatoana vinatoana inatoana zinatoana unatoana kunatoana panatoana munatoana
Relative ninaotoana
naotoana		 tunaotoana unaotoana mnaotoana anaotoana wanaotoana unaotoana inaotoana linaotoana yanaotoana kinaotoana vinaotoana inaotoana zinaotoana unaotoana kunaotoana panaotoana munaotoana
Negative sitoani hatutoani hutoani hamtoani hatoani hawatoani hautoani haitoani halitoani hayatoani hakitoani havitoani haitoani hazitoani hautoani hakutoani hapatoani hamutoani
Future
Positive nitatoana tutatoana utatoana mtatoana atatoana watatoana utatoana itatoana litatoana yatatoana kitatoana vitatoana itatoana zitatoana utatoana kutatoana patatoana mutatoana
Relative nitakaotoana tutakaotoana utakaotoana mtakaotoana atakaotoana watakaotoana utakaotoana itakaotoana litakaotoana yatakaotoana kitakaotoana vitakaotoana itakaotoana zitakaotoana utakaotoana kutakaotoana patakaotoana mutakaotoana
Negative sitatoana hatutatoana hutatoana hamtatoana hatatoana hawatatoana hautatoana haitatoana halitatoana hayatatoana hakitatoana havitatoana haitatoana hazitatoana hautatoana hakutatoana hapatatoana hamutatoana
Subjunctive
Positive nitoane tutoane utoane mtoane atoane watoane utoane itoane litoane yatoane kitoane vitoane itoane zitoane utoane kutoane patoane mutoane
Negative nisitoane tusitoane usitoane msitoane asitoane wasitoane usitoane isitoane lisitoane yasitoane kisitoane visitoane isitoane zisitoane usitoane kusitoane pasitoane musitoane
Present Conditional
Positive ningetoana tungetoana ungetoana mngetoana angetoana wangetoana ungetoana ingetoana lingetoana yangetoana kingetoana vingetoana ingetoana zingetoana ungetoana kungetoana pangetoana mungetoana
Negative nisingetoana
singetoana		 tusingetoana
hatungetoana		 usingetoana
hungetoana		 msingetoana
hamngetoana		 asingetoana
hangetoana		 wasingetoana
hawangetoana		 usingetoana
haungetoana		 isingetoana
haingetoana		 lisingetoana
halingetoana		 yasingetoana
hayangetoana		 kisingetoana
hakingetoana		 visingetoana
havingetoana		 isingetoana
haingetoana		 zisingetoana
hazingetoana		 usingetoana
haungetoana		 kusingetoana
hakungetoana		 pasingetoana
hapangetoana		 musingetoana
hamungetoana
Past Conditional
Positive ningalitoana tungalitoana ungalitoana mngalitoana angalitoana wangalitoana ungalitoana ingalitoana lingalitoana yangalitoana kingalitoana vingalitoana ingalitoana zingalitoana ungalitoana kungalitoana pangalitoana mungalitoana
Negative nisingalitoana
singalitoana		 tusingalitoana
hatungalitoana		 usingalitoana
hungalitoana		 msingalitoana
hamngalitoana		 asingalitoana
hangalitoana		 wasingalitoana
hawangalitoana		 usingalitoana
haungalitoana		 isingalitoana
haingalitoana		 lisingalitoana
halingalitoana		 yasingalitoana
hayangalitoana		 kisingalitoana
hakingalitoana		 visingalitoana
havingalitoana		 isingalitoana
haingalitoana		 zisingalitoana
hazingalitoana		 usingalitoana
haungalitoana		 kusingalitoana
hakungalitoana		 pasingalitoana
hapangalitoana		 musingalitoana
hamungalitoana
Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive ningelitoana tungelitoana ungelitoana mngelitoana angelitoana wangelitoana ungelitoana ingelitoana lingelitoana yangelitoana kingelitoana vingelitoana ingelitoana zingelitoana ungelitoana kungelitoana pangelitoana mungelitoana
General Relative
Positive nitoanao tutoanao utoanao mtoanao atoanao watoanao utoanao itoanao litoanao yatoanao kitoanao vitoanao itoanao zitoanao utoanao kutoanao patoanao mutoanao
Negative nisiotoana tusiotoana usiotoana msiotoana asiotoana wasiotoana usiotoana isiotoana lisiotoana yasiotoana kisiotoana visiotoana isiotoana zisiotoana usiotoana kusiotoana pasiotoana musiotoana
Gnomic
Positive natoana twatoana watoana mwatoana atoana watoana watoana yatoana latoana yatoana chatoana vyatoana yatoana zatoana watoana kwatoana patoana mwatoana
Perfect
Positive nimetoana tumetoana umetoana mmetoana ametoana wametoana umetoana imetoana limetoana yametoana kimetoana vimetoana imetoana zimetoana umetoana kumetoana pametoana mumetoana
"Already"
Positive nimeshatoana tumeshatoana umeshatoana mmeshatoana ameshatoana wameshatoana umeshatoana imeshatoana limeshatoana yameshatoana kimeshatoana vimeshatoana imeshatoana zimeshatoana umeshatoana kumeshatoana pameshatoana mumeshatoana
"Not yet"
Negative sijatoana hatujatoana hujatoana hamjatoana hajatoana hawajatoana haujatoana haijatoana halijatoana hayajatoana hakijatoana havijatoana haijatoana hazijatoana haujatoana hakujatoana hapajatoana hamujatoana
"If/When"
Positive nikitoana tukitoana ukitoana mkitoana akitoana wakitoana ukitoana ikitoana likitoana yakitoana kikitoana vikitoana ikitoana zikitoana ukitoana kukitoana pakitoana mukitoana
"If not"
Negative nisipotoana tusipotoana usipotoana msipotoana asipotoana wasipotoana usipotoana isipotoana lisipotoana yasipotoana kisipotoana visipotoana isipotoana zisipotoana usipotoana kusipotoana pasipotoana musipotoana
Consecutive
Positive nikatoana tukatoana ukatoana mkatoana akatoana wakatoana ukatoana ikatoana likatoana yakatoana kikatoana vikatoana ikatoana zikatoana ukatoana kukatoana pakatoana mukatoana
Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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