surcharger
English
Etymology
Noun
surcharger (plural surchargers)
- One who surcharges.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for surcharger in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)
French
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/
Verb
surcharger
- (transitive) to overcharge
- (transitive) to overload, overburden, overcrowd
- (transitive) to surcharge
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written surcharge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of surcharger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | surcharger | avoir surchargé | |||||
| gerund | en surchargeant | en ayant surchargé | |||||
| present participle | surchargeant /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
| past participle | surchargé /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/ | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
surcharges /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
surchargeons /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɔ̃/ |
surchargez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/ |
surchargent /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
| imperfect | surchargeais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/ |
surchargeais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/ |
surchargeait /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/ |
surchargions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒjɔ̃/ |
surchargiez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒje/ |
surchargeaient /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic1 | surchargeai /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/ |
surchargeas /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa/ |
surchargea /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa/ |
surchargeâmes /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒam/ |
surchargeâtes /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒat/ |
surchargèrent /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | surchargerai /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁe/ |
surchargeras /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁa/ |
surchargera /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁa/ |
surchargerons /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ |
surchargerez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁe/ |
surchargeront /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | surchargerais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
surchargerais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
surchargerait /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
surchargerions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
surchargeriez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁje/ |
surchargeraient /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
surcharges /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
surchargions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒjɔ̃/ |
surchargiez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒje/ |
surchargent /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
| imperfect1 | surchargeasse /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒas/ |
surchargeasses /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒas/ |
surchargeât /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa/ |
surchargeassions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
surchargeassiez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa.sje/ |
surchargeassent /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒas/ | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
— | surchargeons /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɔ̃/ |
surchargez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||
Further reading
- “surcharger” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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