srwḏ

Egyptian

s- (causative prefix) +‎ rwḏ (“to be firm”).

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛruːd͡ʒ/
- Conventional anglicization: serudj

caus. 3-lit.

Conjugation of srwḏ (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: srwḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
srwḏ	srwḏw, srwḏ	srwḏt	srwḏ	srwḏ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
srwḏ	ḥr srwḏ	m srwḏ	r srwḏ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	srwḏ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	srwḏ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	srwḏ	srwḏ, srwḏw⁵, srwḏy⁵
imperfective	srwḏ, srwḏy, srwḏw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	srwḏ, srwḏj⁶, srwḏy⁶	srwḏ, srwḏw⁵
prospective	srwḏ, srwḏtj⁷	—	srwḏwtj^{1 4}, srwḏtj⁴, srwḏt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of srwḏ

srwd

Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 147
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926-1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 194.7–194.23

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