soustraire
French
Etymology
From Old French sustraire, borrowed from Latin subtraho, subtrahere (with conjugation modeled on traire), and altered based on influence from words like souscrire.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sus.tʁɛʁ/
-
soustraire (file)
Verb
soustraire
- to subtract (to remove or reduce)
- (mathematics) to subtract
- (reflexive) to avoid, to escape (from)
Conjugation
This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -soustray- root: *je soustrayis, *que nous soustrayissions etc. Forms using the ‘a’ endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -soustrais- was used instead of -soustray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.
Conjugation of soustraire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | soustraire | avoir soustrait | |||||
| gerund | en soustrayant | en ayant soustrait | |||||
| present participle | soustrayant /sus.tʁɛ.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
| past participle | soustrait /sus.tʁɛ/ | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | soustrais /sus.tʁɛ/ |
soustrais /sus.tʁɛ/ |
soustrait /sus.tʁɛ/ |
soustrayons /sus.tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ |
soustrayez /sus.tʁɛ.je/ |
soustraient /sus.tʁɛ/ |
| imperfect | soustrayais /sus.tʁɛ.jɛ/ |
soustrayais /sus.tʁɛ.jɛ/ |
soustrayait /sus.tʁɛ.jɛ/ |
soustrayions /sus.tʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
soustrayiez /sus.tʁɛj.je/ |
soustrayaient /sus.tʁɛ.jɛ/ | |
| past historic1 | soustrayai /sus.tʁɛ.je/ |
soustrayas /sus.tʁɛ.ja/ |
soustraya /sus.tʁɛ.ja/ |
soustrayâmes /sus.tʁɛ.jam/ |
soustrayâtes /sus.tʁɛ.jat/ |
soustrayèrent /sus.tʁɛ.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | soustrairai /sus.tʁɛ.ʁe/ |
soustrairas /sus.tʁɛ.ʁa/ |
soustraira /sus.tʁɛ.ʁa/ |
soustrairons /sus.tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ |
soustrairez /sus.tʁɛ.ʁe/ |
soustrairont /sus.tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | soustrairais /sus.tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ |
soustrairais /sus.tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ |
soustrairait /sus.tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ |
soustrairions /sus.tʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ |
soustrairiez /sus.tʁɛ.ʁje/ |
soustrairaient /sus.tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | soustraie /sus.tʁɛ/ |
soustraies /sus.tʁɛ/ |
soustraie /sus.tʁɛ/ |
soustrayions /sus.tʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
soustrayiez /sus.tʁɛj.je/ |
soustraient /sus.tʁɛ/ |
| imperfect1 | soustrayasse /sus.tʁɛ.jas/ |
soustrayasses /sus.tʁɛ.jas/ |
soustrayât /sus.tʁɛ.ja/ |
soustrayassions /sus.tʁɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
soustrayassiez /sus.tʁɛ.ja.sje/ |
soustrayassent /sus.tʁɛ.jas/ | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | soustrais /sus.tʁɛ/ |
— | soustrayons /sus.tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ |
soustrayez /sus.tʁɛ.je/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||
This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -soustray- root: *je soustrayis, *que nous soustrayissions etc. Forms using the ‘a’ endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -soustrais- was used instead of -soustray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.
Conjugation of se soustraire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | se soustraire | s'être soustrait | |||||
| gerund | en se soustrayant | en s'étant soustrait | |||||
| present participle | se soustrayant /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
| past participle | soustrait /sus.tʁɛ/ | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | me soustrais /mə‿.sus.tʁɛ/ |
te soustrais /tə‿.sus.tʁɛ/ |
se soustrait /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ/ |
nous soustrayons /nu‿.sus.tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ |
vous soustrayez /vu‿.sus.tʁɛ.je/ |
se soustraient /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ/ |
| imperfect | me soustrayais /mə‿.sus.tʁɛ.jɛ/ |
te soustrayais /tə‿.sus.tʁɛ.jɛ/ |
se soustrayait /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ.jɛ/ |
nous soustrayions /nu‿.sus.tʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
vous soustrayiez /vu‿.sus.tʁɛj.je/ |
se soustrayaient /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ.jɛ/ | |
| past historic1 | me soustrayai /mə‿.sus.tʁɛ.je/ |
te soustrayas /tə‿.sus.tʁɛ.ja/ |
se soustraya /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ.ja/ |
nous soustrayâmes /nu‿.sus.tʁɛ.jam/ |
vous soustrayâtes /vu‿.sus.tʁɛ.jat/ |
se soustrayèrent /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | me soustrairai /mə‿.sus.tʁɛ.ʁe/ |
te soustrairas /tə‿.sus.tʁɛ.ʁa/ |
se soustraira /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ.ʁa/ |
nous soustrairons /nu‿.sus.tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ |
vous soustrairez /vu‿.sus.tʁɛ.ʁe/ |
se soustrairont /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | me soustrairais /mə‿.sus.tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ |
te soustrairais /tə‿.sus.tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ |
se soustrairait /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ |
nous soustrairions /nu‿.sus.tʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous soustrairiez /vu‿.sus.tʁɛ.ʁje/ |
se soustrairaient /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of s'être followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of s'être followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of s'être followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of s'être followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of s'être followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | me soustraie /mə‿.sus.tʁɛ/ |
te soustraies /tə‿.sus.tʁɛ/ |
se soustraie /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ/ |
nous soustrayions /nu‿.sus.tʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
vous soustrayiez /vu‿.sus.tʁɛj.je/ |
se soustraient /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ/ |
| imperfect1 | me soustrayasse /mə‿.sus.tʁɛ.jas/ |
te soustrayasses /tə‿.sus.tʁɛ.jas/ |
se soustrayât /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ.ja/ |
nous soustrayassions /nu‿.sus.tʁɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
vous soustrayassiez /vu‿.sus.tʁɛ.ja.sje/ |
se soustrayassent /sə‿.sus.tʁɛ.jas/ | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of s'être followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of s'être followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | soustrais-toi /sus.tʁɛ.‿twa/ |
— | soustrayons-nous /sus.tʁɛ.jɔ̃.‿nu/ |
soustrayez-vous /sus.tʁɛ.je.‿vu/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “soustraire” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams
This article is issued from
Wiktionary.
The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike.
Additional terms may apply for the media files.