shukwa

Swahili

Verb

-shukwa (infinitive kushukwa)

Passive form of -shuka

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shukwa

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kushukwa

kutoshukwa

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

shukwa

shukweni

Habitual

hushukwa

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilishukwa nalishukwa	tulishukwa twalishukwa	ulishukwa walishukwa	mlishukwa mwalishukwa	alishukwa	walishukwa	ulishukwa	ilishukwa	lilishukwa	yalishukwa	kilishukwa	vilishukwa	ilishukwa	zilishukwa	ulishukwa	kulishukwa	palishukwa	mulishukwa
Relative	nilioshukwa nalioshukwa	tulioshukwa twalioshukwa	ulioshukwa walioshukwa	mlioshukwa mwalioshukwa	alioshukwa	walioshukwa	ulioshukwa	ilioshukwa	lilioshukwa	yalioshukwa	kilioshukwa	vilioshukwa	ilioshukwa	zilioshukwa	ulioshukwa	kulioshukwa	palioshukwa	mulioshukwa
Negative	sikushukwa	hatukushukwa	hukushukwa	hamkushukwa	hakushukwa	hawakushukwa	haukushukwa	haikushukwa	halikushukwa	hayakushukwa	hakikushukwa	havikushukwa	haikushukwa	hazikushukwa	haukushukwa	hakukushukwa	hapakushukwa	hamukushukwa

Present
Positive	ninashukwa nashukwa	tunashukwa	unashukwa	mnashukwa	anashukwa	wanashukwa	unashukwa	inashukwa	linashukwa	yanashukwa	kinashukwa	vinashukwa	inashukwa	zinashukwa	unashukwa	kunashukwa	panashukwa	munashukwa
Relative	ninaoshukwa naoshukwa	tunaoshukwa	unaoshukwa	mnaoshukwa	anaoshukwa	wanaoshukwa	unaoshukwa	inaoshukwa	linaoshukwa	yanaoshukwa	kinaoshukwa	vinaoshukwa	inaoshukwa	zinaoshukwa	unaoshukwa	kunaoshukwa	panaoshukwa	munaoshukwa
Negative	sishukwi	hatushukwi	hushukwi	hamshukwi	hashukwi	hawashukwi	haushukwi	haishukwi	halishukwi	hayashukwi	hakishukwi	havishukwi	haishukwi	hazishukwi	haushukwi	hakushukwi	hapashukwi	hamushukwi

Future
Positive	nitashukwa	tutashukwa	utashukwa	mtashukwa	atashukwa	watashukwa	utashukwa	itashukwa	litashukwa	yatashukwa	kitashukwa	vitashukwa	itashukwa	zitashukwa	utashukwa	kutashukwa	patashukwa	mutashukwa
Relative	nitakaoshukwa	tutakaoshukwa	utakaoshukwa	mtakaoshukwa	atakaoshukwa	watakaoshukwa	utakaoshukwa	itakaoshukwa	litakaoshukwa	yatakaoshukwa	kitakaoshukwa	vitakaoshukwa	itakaoshukwa	zitakaoshukwa	utakaoshukwa	kutakaoshukwa	patakaoshukwa	mutakaoshukwa
Negative	sitashukwa	hatutashukwa	hutashukwa	hamtashukwa	hatashukwa	hawatashukwa	hautashukwa	haitashukwa	halitashukwa	hayatashukwa	hakitashukwa	havitashukwa	haitashukwa	hazitashukwa	hautashukwa	hakutashukwa	hapatashukwa	hamutashukwa

Subjunctive
Positive	nishukwe	tushukwe	ushukwe	mshukwe	ashukwe	washukwe	ushukwe	ishukwe	lishukwe	yashukwe	kishukwe	vishukwe	ishukwe	zishukwe	ushukwe	kushukwe	pashukwe	mushukwe
Negative	nisishukwe	tusishukwe	usishukwe	msishukwe	asishukwe	wasishukwe	usishukwe	isishukwe	lisishukwe	yasishukwe	kisishukwe	visishukwe	isishukwe	zisishukwe	usishukwe	kusishukwe	pasishukwe	musishukwe

Present Conditional
Positive	ningeshukwa	tungeshukwa	ungeshukwa	mngeshukwa	angeshukwa	wangeshukwa	ungeshukwa	ingeshukwa	lingeshukwa	yangeshukwa	kingeshukwa	vingeshukwa	ingeshukwa	zingeshukwa	ungeshukwa	kungeshukwa	pangeshukwa	mungeshukwa
Negative	nisingeshukwa singeshukwa	tusingeshukwa hatungeshukwa	usingeshukwa hungeshukwa	msingeshukwa hamngeshukwa	asingeshukwa hangeshukwa	wasingeshukwa hawangeshukwa	usingeshukwa haungeshukwa	isingeshukwa haingeshukwa	lisingeshukwa halingeshukwa	yasingeshukwa hayangeshukwa	kisingeshukwa hakingeshukwa	visingeshukwa havingeshukwa	isingeshukwa haingeshukwa	zisingeshukwa hazingeshukwa	usingeshukwa haungeshukwa	kusingeshukwa hakungeshukwa	pasingeshukwa hapangeshukwa	musingeshukwa hamungeshukwa

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalishukwa	tungalishukwa	ungalishukwa	mngalishukwa	angalishukwa	wangalishukwa	ungalishukwa	ingalishukwa	lingalishukwa	yangalishukwa	kingalishukwa	vingalishukwa	ingalishukwa	zingalishukwa	ungalishukwa	kungalishukwa	pangalishukwa	mungalishukwa
Negative	nisingalishukwa singalishukwa	tusingalishukwa hatungalishukwa	usingalishukwa hungalishukwa	msingalishukwa hamngalishukwa	asingalishukwa hangalishukwa	wasingalishukwa hawangalishukwa	usingalishukwa haungalishukwa	isingalishukwa haingalishukwa	lisingalishukwa halingalishukwa	yasingalishukwa hayangalishukwa	kisingalishukwa hakingalishukwa	visingalishukwa havingalishukwa	isingalishukwa haingalishukwa	zisingalishukwa hazingalishukwa	usingalishukwa haungalishukwa	kusingalishukwa hakungalishukwa	pasingalishukwa hapangalishukwa	musingalishukwa hamungalishukwa

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelishukwa	tungelishukwa	ungelishukwa	mngelishukwa	angelishukwa	wangelishukwa	ungelishukwa	ingelishukwa	lingelishukwa	yangelishukwa	kingelishukwa	vingelishukwa	ingelishukwa	zingelishukwa	ungelishukwa	kungelishukwa	pangelishukwa	mungelishukwa

General Relative
Positive	nishukwao	tushukwao	ushukwao	mshukwao	ashukwao	washukwao	ushukwao	ishukwao	lishukwao	yashukwao	kishukwao	vishukwao	ishukwao	zishukwao	ushukwao	kushukwao	pashukwao	mushukwao
Negative	nisioshukwa	tusioshukwa	usioshukwa	msioshukwa	asioshukwa	wasioshukwa	usioshukwa	isioshukwa	lisioshukwa	yasioshukwa	kisioshukwa	visioshukwa	isioshukwa	zisioshukwa	usioshukwa	kusioshukwa	pasioshukwa	musioshukwa

Gnomic
Positive	nashukwa	twashukwa	washukwa	mwashukwa	ashukwa	washukwa	washukwa	yashukwa	lashukwa	yashukwa	chashukwa	vyashukwa	yashukwa	zashukwa	washukwa	kwashukwa	pashukwa	mwashukwa

Perfect
Positive	nimeshukwa	tumeshukwa	umeshukwa	mmeshukwa	ameshukwa	wameshukwa	umeshukwa	imeshukwa	limeshukwa	yameshukwa	kimeshukwa	vimeshukwa	imeshukwa	zimeshukwa	umeshukwa	kumeshukwa	pameshukwa	mumeshukwa

"Already"
Positive	nimeshashukwa	tumeshashukwa	umeshashukwa	mmeshashukwa	ameshashukwa	wameshashukwa	umeshashukwa	imeshashukwa	limeshashukwa	yameshashukwa	kimeshashukwa	vimeshashukwa	imeshashukwa	zimeshashukwa	umeshashukwa	kumeshashukwa	pameshashukwa	mumeshashukwa

"Not yet"
Negative	sijashukwa	hatujashukwa	hujashukwa	hamjashukwa	hajashukwa	hawajashukwa	haujashukwa	haijashukwa	halijashukwa	hayajashukwa	hakijashukwa	havijashukwa	haijashukwa	hazijashukwa	haujashukwa	hakujashukwa	hapajashukwa	hamujashukwa

"If/When"
Positive	nikishukwa	tukishukwa	ukishukwa	mkishukwa	akishukwa	wakishukwa	ukishukwa	ikishukwa	likishukwa	yakishukwa	kikishukwa	vikishukwa	ikishukwa	zikishukwa	ukishukwa	kukishukwa	pakishukwa	mukishukwa

"If not"
Negative	nisiposhukwa	tusiposhukwa	usiposhukwa	msiposhukwa	asiposhukwa	wasiposhukwa	usiposhukwa	isiposhukwa	lisiposhukwa	yasiposhukwa	kisiposhukwa	visiposhukwa	isiposhukwa	zisiposhukwa	usiposhukwa	kusiposhukwa	pasiposhukwa	musiposhukwa

Consecutive
Positive	nikashukwa	tukashukwa	ukashukwa	mkashukwa	akashukwa	wakashukwa	ukashukwa	ikashukwa	likashukwa	yakashukwa	kikashukwa	vikashukwa	ikashukwa	zikashukwa	ukashukwa	kukashukwa	pakashukwa	mukashukwa

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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