pona

See also: póna, poña, and p’óna

Ladin

Adverb

pona

  1. then; later

Synonyms

  • dò; dapò; dapodò

Swahili

Verb

-pona (infinitive kupona)

  1. to heal, to recover
  2. to survive

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pona
Non-finite forms
Form Positive Negative
Infinitive kupona kutopona
Simple finite forms
Positive form Singular Plural
Imperative pona poneni
Habitual hupona
Complex finite forms
Polarity Persons Persons / Classes Classes
1st 2nd 3rd / M-wa M-mi Ma Ki-vi N U Ku Pa Mu
Sg. Pl. Sg. Pl. Sg. / 1 Pl. / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 / 14 15 / 17 16 18
Past
Positive nilipona
nalipona		 tulipona
twalipona		 ulipona
walipona		 mlipona
mwalipona		 alipona walipona ulipona ilipona lilipona yalipona kilipona vilipona ilipona zilipona ulipona kulipona palipona mulipona
Relative niliopona
naliopona		 tuliopona
twaliopona		 uliopona
waliopona		 mliopona
mwaliopona		 aliopona waliopona uliopona iliopona liliopona yaliopona kiliopona viliopona iliopona ziliopona uliopona kuliopona paliopona muliopona
Negative sikupona hatukupona hukupona hamkupona hakupona hawakupona haukupona haikupona halikupona hayakupona hakikupona havikupona haikupona hazikupona haukupona hakukupona hapakupona hamukupona
Present
Positive ninapona
napona		 tunapona unapona mnapona anapona wanapona unapona inapona linapona yanapona kinapona vinapona inapona zinapona unapona kunapona panapona munapona
Relative ninaopona
naopona		 tunaopona unaopona mnaopona anaopona wanaopona unaopona inaopona linaopona yanaopona kinaopona vinaopona inaopona zinaopona unaopona kunaopona panaopona munaopona
Negative siponi hatuponi huponi hamponi haponi hawaponi hauponi haiponi haliponi hayaponi hakiponi haviponi haiponi haziponi hauponi hakuponi hapaponi hamuponi
Future
Positive nitapona tutapona utapona mtapona atapona watapona utapona itapona litapona yatapona kitapona vitapona itapona zitapona utapona kutapona patapona mutapona
Relative nitakaopona tutakaopona utakaopona mtakaopona atakaopona watakaopona utakaopona itakaopona litakaopona yatakaopona kitakaopona vitakaopona itakaopona zitakaopona utakaopona kutakaopona patakaopona mutakaopona
Negative sitapona hatutapona hutapona hamtapona hatapona hawatapona hautapona haitapona halitapona hayatapona hakitapona havitapona haitapona hazitapona hautapona hakutapona hapatapona hamutapona
Subjunctive
Positive nipone tupone upone mpone apone wapone upone ipone lipone yapone kipone vipone ipone zipone upone kupone papone mupone
Negative nisipone tusipone usipone msipone asipone wasipone usipone isipone lisipone yasipone kisipone visipone isipone zisipone usipone kusipone pasipone musipone
Present Conditional
Positive ningepona tungepona ungepona mngepona angepona wangepona ungepona ingepona lingepona yangepona kingepona vingepona ingepona zingepona ungepona kungepona pangepona mungepona
Negative nisingepona
singepona		 tusingepona
hatungepona		 usingepona
hungepona		 msingepona
hamngepona		 asingepona
hangepona		 wasingepona
hawangepona		 usingepona
haungepona		 isingepona
haingepona		 lisingepona
halingepona		 yasingepona
hayangepona		 kisingepona
hakingepona		 visingepona
havingepona		 isingepona
haingepona		 zisingepona
hazingepona		 usingepona
haungepona		 kusingepona
hakungepona		 pasingepona
hapangepona		 musingepona
hamungepona
Past Conditional
Positive ningalipona tungalipona ungalipona mngalipona angalipona wangalipona ungalipona ingalipona lingalipona yangalipona kingalipona vingalipona ingalipona zingalipona ungalipona kungalipona pangalipona mungalipona
Negative nisingalipona
singalipona		 tusingalipona
hatungalipona		 usingalipona
hungalipona		 msingalipona
hamngalipona		 asingalipona
hangalipona		 wasingalipona
hawangalipona		 usingalipona
haungalipona		 isingalipona
haingalipona		 lisingalipona
halingalipona		 yasingalipona
hayangalipona		 kisingalipona
hakingalipona		 visingalipona
havingalipona		 isingalipona
haingalipona		 zisingalipona
hazingalipona		 usingalipona
haungalipona		 kusingalipona
hakungalipona		 pasingalipona
hapangalipona		 musingalipona
hamungalipona
Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive ningelipona tungelipona ungelipona mngelipona angelipona wangelipona ungelipona ingelipona lingelipona yangelipona kingelipona vingelipona ingelipona zingelipona ungelipona kungelipona pangelipona mungelipona
General Relative
Positive niponao tuponao uponao mponao aponao waponao uponao iponao liponao yaponao kiponao viponao iponao ziponao uponao kuponao paponao muponao
Negative nisiopona tusiopona usiopona msiopona asiopona wasiopona usiopona isiopona lisiopona yasiopona kisiopona visiopona isiopona zisiopona usiopona kusiopona pasiopona musiopona
Gnomic
Positive napona twapona wapona mwapona apona wapona wapona yapona lapona yapona chapona vyapona yapona zapona wapona kwapona papona mwapona
Perfect
Positive nimepona tumepona umepona mmepona amepona wamepona umepona imepona limepona yamepona kimepona vimepona imepona zimepona umepona kumepona pamepona mumepona
"Already"
Positive nimeshapona tumeshapona umeshapona mmeshapona ameshapona wameshapona umeshapona imeshapona limeshapona yameshapona kimeshapona vimeshapona imeshapona zimeshapona umeshapona kumeshapona pameshapona mumeshapona
"Not yet"
Negative sijapona hatujapona hujapona hamjapona hajapona hawajapona haujapona haijapona halijapona hayajapona hakijapona havijapona haijapona hazijapona haujapona hakujapona hapajapona hamujapona
"If/When"
Positive nikipona tukipona ukipona mkipona akipona wakipona ukipona ikipona likipona yakipona kikipona vikipona ikipona zikipona ukipona kukipona pakipona mukipona
"If not"
Negative nisipopona tusipopona usipopona msipopona asipopona wasipopona usipopona isipopona lisipopona yasipopona kisipopona visipopona isipopona zisipopona usipopona kusipopona pasipopona musipopona
Consecutive
Positive nikapona tukapona ukapona mkapona akapona wakapona ukapona ikapona likapona yakapona kikapona vikapona ikapona zikapona ukapona kukapona pakapona mukapona
Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

  • Verbal derivations:
    • Causative: -ponesha
    • Passive: -ponwa
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