opha

Zulu

Verb

-opha

to bleed

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukwopha
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukwopha	ukungophi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yopha	yophe
Plural	yophani	yopheni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyopha, ngopha	engophayo, engopha	ngopha	angophi	engingophi	ngingophi
2nd singular	uyopha, wopha	owophayo, owopha	wopha	awophi	ongophi	ungophi
1st plural	siyopha, sopha	esophayo, esopha	sopha	asophi	esingophi	singophi
2nd plural	niyopha, nopha	enophayo, enopha	nopha	anophi	eningophi	ningophi
Class 1	uyopha, wopha	owophayo, owopha	opha	akophi	ongophi	engophi
Class 2	bayopha, bopha	abophayo, abopha	bopha	abophi	abangophi	bengophi
Class 3	uyopha, wopha	owophayo, owopha	wopha	awophi	ongophi	ungophi
Class 4	iyopha, opha	eyophayo, eyopha	opha	ayophi	engophi	ingophi
Class 5	liyopha, lopha	elophayo, elopha	lopha	alophi	elingophi	lingophi
Class 6	ayopha, opha	ophayo, opha	opha	awophi	angophi	engophi
Class 7	siyopha, sopha	esophayo, esopha	sopha	asophi	esingophi	singophi
Class 8	ziyopha, zopha	ezophayo, ezopha	zopha	azophi	ezingophi	zingophi
Class 9	iyopha, opha	eyophayo, eyopha	opha	ayophi	engophi	ingophi
Class 10	ziyopha, zopha	ezophayo, ezopha	zopha	azophi	ezingophi	zingophi
Class 11	luyopha, lwopha	olwophayo, olwopha	lwopha	alwophi	olungophi	lungophi
Class 14	buyopha, bopha	obophayo, obopha	bopha	abophi	obungophi	bungophi
Class 15	kuyopha, kwopha	okwophayo, okwopha	kwopha	akwophi	okungophi	kungophi
Class 17	kuyopha, kwopha	okwophayo, okwopha	kwopha	akwophi	okungophi	kungophi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngophile, ngophē	engophile, engophē	ngophile, ngophē	angophanga	engingophanga	ngingophanga
2nd singular	wophile, wophē	owophile, owophē	wophile, wophē	awophanga	ongophanga	ungophanga
1st plural	sophile, sophē	esophile, esophē	sophile, sophē	asophanga	esingophanga	singophanga
2nd plural	nophile, nophē	enophile, enophē	nophile, nophē	anophanga	eningophanga	ningophanga
Class 1	wophile, wophē	owophile, owophē	ophile, ophē	akophanga	ongophanga	engophanga
Class 2	bophile, bophē	abophile, abophē	bophile, bophē	abophanga	abangophanga	bengophanga
Class 3	wophile, wophē	owophile, owophē	wophile, wophē	awophanga	ongophanga	ungophanga
Class 4	ophile, ophē	eyophile, eyophē	ophile, ophē	ayophanga	engophanga	ingophanga
Class 5	lophile, lophē	elophile, elophē	lophile, lophē	alophanga	elingophanga	lingophanga
Class 6	ophile, ophē	ophile, ophē	ophile, ophē	awophanga	angophanga	engophanga
Class 7	sophile, sophē	esophile, esophē	sophile, sophē	asophanga	esingophanga	singophanga
Class 8	zophile, zophē	ezophile, ezophē	zophile, zophē	azophanga	ezingophanga	zingophanga
Class 9	ophile, ophē	eyophile, eyophē	ophile, ophē	ayophanga	engophanga	ingophanga
Class 10	zophile, zophē	ezophile, ezophē	zophile, zophē	azophanga	ezingophanga	zingophanga
Class 11	lwophile, lwophē	olwophile, olwophē	lwophile, lwophē	alwophanga	olungophanga	lungophanga
Class 14	bophile, bophē	obophile, obophē	bophile, bophē	abophanga	obungophanga	bungophanga
Class 15	kwophile, kwophē	okwophile, okwophē	kwophile, kwophē	akwophanga	okungophanga	kungophanga
Class 17	kwophile, kwophē	okwophile, okwophē	kwophile, kwophē	akwophanga	okungophanga	kungophanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngōpha	engōpha	ngōpha	angophanga	engingophanga	ngingophanga
2nd singular	wōpha	owōpha	wōpha	awophanga	ongophanga	ungophanga
1st plural	sōpha	esōpha	sōpha	asophanga	esingophanga	singophanga
2nd plural	nōpha	enōpha	nōpha	anophanga	eningophanga	ningophanga
Class 1	wōpha	owōpha	ōpha	akophanga	ongophanga	engophanga
Class 2	bōpha	abōpha	bōpha	abophanga	abangophanga	bengophanga
Class 3	wōpha	owōpha	wōpha	awophanga	ongophanga	ungophanga
Class 4	yōpha	eyōpha	yōpha	ayophanga	engophanga	ingophanga
Class 5	lōpha	elōpha	lōpha	alophanga	elingophanga	lingophanga
Class 6	ōpha	ōpha	ōpha	awophanga	angophanga	engophanga
Class 7	sōpha	esōpha	sōpha	asophanga	esingophanga	singophanga
Class 8	zōpha	ezōpha	zōpha	azophanga	ezingophanga	zingophanga
Class 9	yōpha	eyōpha	yōpha	ayophanga	engophanga	ingophanga
Class 10	zōpha	ezōpha	zōpha	azophanga	ezingophanga	zingophanga
Class 11	lwōpha	olwōpha	lwōpha	alwophanga	olungophanga	lungophanga
Class 14	bōpha	obōpha	bōpha	abophanga	obungophanga	bungophanga
Class 15	kwōpha	okwōpha	kwōpha	akwophanga	okungophanga	kungophanga
Class 17	kwōpha	okwōpha	kwōpha	akwophanga	okungophanga	kungophanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingopha	—	ngingopha	ngingophe	—	ngingophe
2nd singular	ungopha	—	ungopha	ungophe	—	ungophe
1st plural	singopha	—	singopha	singophe	—	singophe
2nd plural	ningopha	—	ningopha	ningophe	—	ningophe
Class 1	angopha	—	engopha	angophe	—	engophe
Class 2	bangopha	—	bengopha	bangophe	—	bengophe
Class 3	ungopha	—	ungopha	ungophe	—	ungophe
Class 4	ingopha	—	ingopha	ingophe	—	ingophe
Class 5	lingopha	—	lingopha	lingophe	—	lingophe
Class 6	angopha	—	engopha	angophe	—	engophe
Class 7	singopha	—	singopha	singophe	—	singophe
Class 8	zingopha	—	zingopha	zingophe	—	zingophe
Class 9	ingopha	—	ingopha	ingophe	—	ingophe
Class 10	zingopha	—	zingopha	zingophe	—	zingophe
Class 11	lungopha	—	lungopha	lungophe	—	lungophe
Class 14	bungopha	—	bungopha	bungophe	—	bungophe
Class 15	kungopha	—	kungopha	kungophe	—	kungophe
Class 17	kungopha	—	kungopha	kungophe	—	kungophe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokwopha	engizokwopha	ngizokwopha	angizukwopha	—	ngingezukwopha
2nd singular	uzokwopha	ozokwopha	uzokwopha	awuzukwopha	—	ungezukwopha
1st plural	sizokwopha	esizokwopha	sizokwopha	asizukwopha	—	singezukwopha
2nd plural	nizokwopha	enizokwopha	nizokwopha	anizukwopha	—	ningezukwopha
Class 1	uzokwopha	ozokwopha	ezokwopha	akazukwopha	—	engezukwopha
Class 2	bazokwopha	abazokwopha	bezokwopha	abazukwopha	—	bengezukwopha
Class 3	uzokwopha	ozokwopha	uzokwopha	awuzukwopha	—	ungezukwopha
Class 4	izokwopha	ezokwopha	izokwopha	ayizukwopha	—	ingezukwopha
Class 5	lizokwopha	elizokwopha	lizokwopha	alizukwopha	—	lingezukwopha
Class 6	azokwopha	azokwopha	ezokwopha	awazukwopha	—	engezukwopha
Class 7	sizokwopha	esizokwopha	sizokwopha	asizukwopha	—	singezukwopha
Class 8	zizokwopha	ezizokwopha	zizokwopha	azizukwopha	—	zingezukwopha
Class 9	izokwopha	ezokwopha	izokwopha	ayizukwopha	—	ingezukwopha
Class 10	zizokwopha	ezizokwopha	zizokwopha	azizukwopha	—	zingezukwopha
Class 11	luzokwopha	oluzokwopha	luzokwopha	aluzukwopha	—	lungezukwopha
Class 14	buzokwopha	obuzokwopha	buzokwopha	abuzukwopha	—	bungezukwopha
Class 15	kuzokwopha	okuzokwopha	kuzokwopha	akuzukwopha	—	kungezukwopha
Class 17	kuzokwopha	okuzokwopha	kuzokwopha	akuzukwopha	—	kungezukwopha
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokwopha	engiyokwopha	ngiyokwopha	angiyukwopha	—	ngingeyukwopha
2nd singular	uyokwopha	oyokwopha	uyokwopha	awuyukwopha	—	ungeyukwopha
1st plural	siyokwopha	esiyokwopha	siyokwopha	asiyukwopha	—	singeyukwopha
2nd plural	niyokwopha	eniyokwopha	niyokwopha	aniyukwopha	—	ningeyukwopha
Class 1	uyokwopha	oyokwopha	eyokwopha	akayukwopha	—	engeyukwopha
Class 2	bayokwopha	abayokwopha	beyokwopha	abayukwopha	—	bengeyukwopha
Class 3	uyokwopha	oyokwopha	uyokwopha	awuyukwopha	—	ungeyukwopha
Class 4	iyokwopha	eyokwopha	iyokwopha	ayiyukwopha	—	ingeyukwopha
Class 5	liyokwopha	eliyokwopha	liyokwopha	aliyukwopha	—	lingeyukwopha
Class 6	ayokwopha	ayokwopha	eyokwopha	awayukwopha	—	engeyukwopha
Class 7	siyokwopha	esiyokwopha	siyokwopha	asiyukwopha	—	singeyukwopha
Class 8	ziyokwopha	eziyokwopha	ziyokwopha	aziyukwopha	—	zingeyukwopha
Class 9	iyokwopha	eyokwopha	iyokwopha	ayiyukwopha	—	ingeyukwopha
Class 10	ziyokwopha	eziyokwopha	ziyokwopha	aziyukwopha	—	zingeyukwopha
Class 11	luyokwopha	oluyokwopha	luyokwopha	aluyukwopha	—	lungeyukwopha
Class 14	buyokwopha	obuyokwopha	buyokwopha	abuyukwopha	—	bungeyukwopha
Class 15	kuyokwopha	okuyokwopha	kuyokwopha	akuyukwopha	—	kungeyukwopha
Class 17	kuyokwopha	okuyokwopha	kuyokwopha	akuyukwopha	—	kungeyukwopha
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngophe	ngingophi
2nd singular	wophe	ungophi
1st plural	sophe	singophi
2nd plural	nophe	ningophi
Class 1	ophe	angophi
Class 2	bophe	bangophi
Class 3	wophe	ungophi
Class 4	ophe	ingophi
Class 5	lophe	lingophi
Class 6	ophe	angophi
Class 7	sophe	singophi
Class 8	zophe	zingophi
Class 9	ophe	ingophi
Class 10	zophe	zingophi
Class 11	lwophe	lungophi
Class 14	bophe	bungophi
Class 15	kwophe	kungophi
Class 17	kwophe	kungophi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngopha	angopha
2nd singular	wopha	awopha
1st plural	sopha	asopha
2nd plural	nopha	anopha
Class 1	wopha	akopha
Class 2	bopha	abopha
Class 3	wopha	awopha
Class 4	yopha	ayopha
Class 5	lopha	alopha
Class 6	opha	awopha
Class 7	sopha	asopha
Class 8	zopha	azopha
Class 9	yopha	ayopha
Class 10	zopha	azopha
Class 11	lwopha	alwopha
Class 14	bopha	abopha
Class 15	kwopha	akwopha
Class 17	kwopha	akwopha

Derived terms

-ophela (applicative)
-ophisa (causative)
-ophiwa (passive)
umopha
umopho

References

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “opha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “opha (6.3)”

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