garbh

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish garb, from Proto-Celtic *garwos (compare Welsh garw (“coarse”)).

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɑɾˠəvˠ/
(Galway) IPA^(key): /ˈɡaɾˠəvˠ/
(Mayo) IPA^(key): /ˈɡaɾˠuː/
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈɡaɾˠu/

Adjective

garbh (genitive singular masculine gairbh, genitive singular feminine gairbhe, plural garbha, comparative gairbhe)

rough
1. uneven, rugged; coarse in texture
2. coarse, gross
3. ungentle, harsh, crude, violent
4. unfinished, unpolished, inexact, approximate

Declension

Declension of garbh

Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Nominative	garbh	gharbh	garbha; gharbha²
Vocative	ghairbh	gharbh	garbha
Genitive	ghairbh	gairbhe	garbha	garbh
Dative	garbh; gharbh¹	gharbh; ghairbh (archaic)	garbha; gharbha²
Comparative	níos gairbhe
Superlative	is gairbhe

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

Terms derived from garbh

garbhaigh (“roughen; become rough”, verb)
garbhán m (“coarse substance; coarse-grained object or person”)
garbhanálú m (“rough breathing”)
garbh-bhéal m (“coarse mouth; coarse speech”)
garbhchiumhaiseach (“rough-edged; deckle-edged”, adjective)
garbhchloch f (“rough, uncut, stone”)
garbhchríoch f (“rough boundary; rough region”)
garbhchumtha (“rough-shaped; rugged-featured”, adjective)
garbhdhéanta (“rough-made, coarse; rugged-featured”, adjective)
garbhghlórach (“rough-spoken, raucous”, adjective)
garbhghnúiseach (“rough-visaged”, adjective)

garbhiarann m (“pig-iron”)
garbhiasc m (“large sea-fish”)
garbhlabhartha (“rough-spoken”, adjective)
garbhlach m (“rough ground”)
garbhlus m (“goose grass; catchweed, cleavers”)
garbhóg f (“coarse object or person”)
garbhphlána m (“jack-plane”)
garbhshíon f (“rough weather”)
garbhshnoigh (“rough-hew”, transitive verb)
garbhtheilg (“rough-cast”, transitive verb)
garbhuille m (“approach shot”)

Related terms

Terms related to garbh

adhgharbh (“very rough”, adjective)
gairbhe f (“roughness, coarseness; grossness, largeness”)
garbhadas m (“roughness, coarseness; violence; rough weather”)
garbhánach m (“coarse-grained person; sea-bream”)

garbhánta (“coarse-grained, coarse-fibred”, adjective)
garbhántacht f (“coarseness (of grain, fibre); roughness, wildness”)
garbhógach f (“club moss”)
garbhtheilgean m (“rough-cast”)

Verb

garbh (present analytic garbhann, future analytic garbhfaidh, verbal noun garbhadh, past participle garfa)

(transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of garbhaigh (“roughen; become rough”)

Conjugation

First Conjugation (A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	garbhaim	garbhann tú; garbhair^†	garbhann sé, sí	garbhaimid	garbhann sibh	garbhann siad; garbhaid^†	a gharbhann; a gharbhas / a ngarbhann; a ngarbhas	garbhtar
	past	gharbh mé; gharbhas	gharbh tú; gharbhais	gharbh sé, sí	gharbhamar; gharbh muid	gharbh sibh; gharbhabhair	gharbh siad; gharbhadar	a gharbh / ar gharbh*	garbhadh
	past habitual	gharbhainn	gharbhtá	gharbhadh sé, sí	gharbhaimis; gharbhadh muid	gharbhadh sibh	gharbhaidís; gharbhadh siad	a gharbhadh / ar gharbhadh*	gharbhtaí
	future	garbhfaidh mé; garbhfad	garbhfaidh tú; garbhfair^†	garbhfaidh sé, sí	garbhfaimid; garbhfaidh muid	garbhfaidh sibh	garbhfaidh siad; garbhfaid^†	a gharbhfaidh; a gharbhfas / a ngarbhfaidh; a ngarbhfas	garbhfar
conditional		gharbhfainn	gharbhfá	gharbhfadh sé, sí	gharbhfaimis; gharbhfadh muid	gharbhfadh sibh	gharbhfaidís; gharbhfadh siad	a gharbhfadh / ar gharbhfadh*	gharbhfaí
subjunctive	present	go ngarbha mé; go ngarbhad^†	go ngarbha tú; go ngarbhair^†	go ngarbha sé, sí	go ngarbhaimid; go ngarbha muid	go ngarbha sibh	go ngarbha siad; go ngarbhaid^†	—	go ngarbhtar
subjunctive	past	dá ngarbhainn	dá ngarbhtá	dá ngarbhadh sé, sí	dá ngarbhaimis; dá ngarbhadh muid	dá ngarbhadh sibh	dá ngarbhaidís; dá ngarbhadh siad	—	dá ngarbhtaí
imperative		garbhaim	garbh	garbhadh sé, sí	garbhaimis	garbhaigí; garbhaidh^†	garbhaidís	—	garbhtar
verbal noun		garbhadh
past participle		garfa

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
garbh	gharbh	ngarbh
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish garb, from Proto-Celtic *garwos (compare Welsh garw (“coarse”)).

Adjective

garbh

rough (as in a rough surface)

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
garbh	gharbh
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

“1 garb” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

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garbh

Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Verb

Conjugation

Mutation

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Adjective

Mutation

References