dhani

Swahili

Etymology

From Arabic ظَنَّ‎ (ẓanna).

Verb

-dhani (infinitive kudhani)

to think, surmise, guess
Synonym: -fikiri

Conjugation

Conjugation of -dhani

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kudhani

kutodhani

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

dhani

dhanini

Habitual

hudhani

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilidhani nalidhani	tulidhani twalidhani	ulidhani walidhani	mlidhani mwalidhani	alidhani	walidhani	ulidhani	ilidhani	lilidhani	yalidhani	kilidhani	vilidhani	ilidhani	zilidhani	ulidhani	kulidhani	palidhani	mulidhani
Relative	niliodhani naliodhani	tuliodhani twaliodhani	uliodhani waliodhani	mliodhani mwaliodhani	aliodhani	waliodhani	uliodhani	iliodhani	liliodhani	yaliodhani	kiliodhani	viliodhani	iliodhani	ziliodhani	uliodhani	kuliodhani	paliodhani	muliodhani
Negative	sikudhani	hatukudhani	hukudhani	hamkudhani	hakudhani	hawakudhani	haukudhani	haikudhani	halikudhani	hayakudhani	hakikudhani	havikudhani	haikudhani	hazikudhani	haukudhani	hakukudhani	hapakudhani	hamukudhani

Present
Positive	ninadhani nadhani	tunadhani	unadhani	mnadhani	anadhani	wanadhani	unadhani	inadhani	linadhani	yanadhani	kinadhani	vinadhani	inadhani	zinadhani	unadhani	kunadhani	panadhani	munadhani
Relative	ninaodhani naodhani	tunaodhani	unaodhani	mnaodhani	anaodhani	wanaodhani	unaodhani	inaodhani	linaodhani	yanaodhani	kinaodhani	vinaodhani	inaodhani	zinaodhani	unaodhani	kunaodhani	panaodhani	munaodhani
Negative	sidhani	hatudhani	hudhani	hamdhani	hadhani	hawadhani	haudhani	haidhani	halidhani	hayadhani	hakidhani	havidhani	haidhani	hazidhani	haudhani	hakudhani	hapadhani	hamudhani

Future
Positive	nitadhani	tutadhani	utadhani	mtadhani	atadhani	watadhani	utadhani	itadhani	litadhani	yatadhani	kitadhani	vitadhani	itadhani	zitadhani	utadhani	kutadhani	patadhani	mutadhani
Relative	nitakaodhani	tutakaodhani	utakaodhani	mtakaodhani	atakaodhani	watakaodhani	utakaodhani	itakaodhani	litakaodhani	yatakaodhani	kitakaodhani	vitakaodhani	itakaodhani	zitakaodhani	utakaodhani	kutakaodhani	patakaodhani	mutakaodhani
Negative	sitadhani	hatutadhani	hutadhani	hamtadhani	hatadhani	hawatadhani	hautadhani	haitadhani	halitadhani	hayatadhani	hakitadhani	havitadhani	haitadhani	hazitadhani	hautadhani	hakutadhani	hapatadhani	hamutadhani

Subjunctive
Positive	nidhani	tudhani	udhani	mdhani	adhani	wadhani	udhani	idhani	lidhani	yadhani	kidhani	vidhani	idhani	zidhani	udhani	kudhani	padhani	mudhani
Negative	nisidhani	tusidhani	usidhani	msidhani	asidhani	wasidhani	usidhani	isidhani	lisidhani	yasidhani	kisidhani	visidhani	isidhani	zisidhani	usidhani	kusidhani	pasidhani	musidhani

Present Conditional
Positive	ningedhani	tungedhani	ungedhani	mngedhani	angedhani	wangedhani	ungedhani	ingedhani	lingedhani	yangedhani	kingedhani	vingedhani	ingedhani	zingedhani	ungedhani	kungedhani	pangedhani	mungedhani
Negative	nisingedhani singedhani	tusingedhani hatungedhani	usingedhani hungedhani	msingedhani hamngedhani	asingedhani hangedhani	wasingedhani hawangedhani	usingedhani haungedhani	isingedhani haingedhani	lisingedhani halingedhani	yasingedhani hayangedhani	kisingedhani hakingedhani	visingedhani havingedhani	isingedhani haingedhani	zisingedhani hazingedhani	usingedhani haungedhani	kusingedhani hakungedhani	pasingedhani hapangedhani	musingedhani hamungedhani

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalidhani	tungalidhani	ungalidhani	mngalidhani	angalidhani	wangalidhani	ungalidhani	ingalidhani	lingalidhani	yangalidhani	kingalidhani	vingalidhani	ingalidhani	zingalidhani	ungalidhani	kungalidhani	pangalidhani	mungalidhani
Negative	nisingalidhani singalidhani	tusingalidhani hatungalidhani	usingalidhani hungalidhani	msingalidhani hamngalidhani	asingalidhani hangalidhani	wasingalidhani hawangalidhani	usingalidhani haungalidhani	isingalidhani haingalidhani	lisingalidhani halingalidhani	yasingalidhani hayangalidhani	kisingalidhani hakingalidhani	visingalidhani havingalidhani	isingalidhani haingalidhani	zisingalidhani hazingalidhani	usingalidhani haungalidhani	kusingalidhani hakungalidhani	pasingalidhani hapangalidhani	musingalidhani hamungalidhani

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelidhani	tungelidhani	ungelidhani	mngelidhani	angelidhani	wangelidhani	ungelidhani	ingelidhani	lingelidhani	yangelidhani	kingelidhani	vingelidhani	ingelidhani	zingelidhani	ungelidhani	kungelidhani	pangelidhani	mungelidhani

General Relative
Positive	nidhani	tudhani	udhani	mdhani	adhani	wadhani	udhani	idhani	lidhani	yadhani	kidhani	vidhani	idhani	zidhani	udhani	kudhani	padhani	mudhani
Negative	nisiodhani	tusiodhani	usiodhani	msiodhani	asiodhani	wasiodhani	usiodhani	isiodhani	lisiodhani	yasiodhani	kisiodhani	visiodhani	isiodhani	zisiodhani	usiodhani	kusiodhani	pasiodhani	musiodhani

Gnomic
Positive	nadhani	twadhani	wadhani	mwadhani	adhani	wadhani	wadhani	yadhani	ladhani	yadhani	chadhani	vyadhani	yadhani	zadhani	wadhani	kwadhani	padhani	mwadhani

Perfect
Positive	nimedhani	tumedhani	umedhani	mmedhani	amedhani	wamedhani	umedhani	imedhani	limedhani	yamedhani	kimedhani	vimedhani	imedhani	zimedhani	umedhani	kumedhani	pamedhani	mumedhani

"Already"
Positive	nimeshadhani	tumeshadhani	umeshadhani	mmeshadhani	ameshadhani	wameshadhani	umeshadhani	imeshadhani	limeshadhani	yameshadhani	kimeshadhani	vimeshadhani	imeshadhani	zimeshadhani	umeshadhani	kumeshadhani	pameshadhani	mumeshadhani

"Not yet"
Negative	sijadhani	hatujadhani	hujadhani	hamjadhani	hajadhani	hawajadhani	haujadhani	haijadhani	halijadhani	hayajadhani	hakijadhani	havijadhani	haijadhani	hazijadhani	haujadhani	hakujadhani	hapajadhani	hamujadhani

"If/When"
Positive	nikidhani	tukidhani	ukidhani	mkidhani	akidhani	wakidhani	ukidhani	ikidhani	likidhani	yakidhani	kikidhani	vikidhani	ikidhani	zikidhani	ukidhani	kukidhani	pakidhani	mukidhani

"If not"
Negative	nisipodhani	tusipodhani	usipodhani	msipodhani	asipodhani	wasipodhani	usipodhani	isipodhani	lisipodhani	yasipodhani	kisipodhani	visipodhani	isipodhani	zisipodhani	usipodhani	kusipodhani	pasipodhani	musipodhani

Consecutive
Positive	nikadhani	tukadhani	ukadhani	mkadhani	akadhani	wakadhani	ukadhani	ikadhani	likadhani	yakadhani	kikadhani	vikadhani	ikadhani	zikadhani	ukadhani	kukadhani	pakadhani	mukadhani

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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