chua

See also: Chua, chúa, chuà, chùa, Chúa, chuā, chưa, and Chüä

Mandarin

Romanization

chua

  1. Nonstandard spelling of chuā.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of chuà.

Usage notes

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Swahili

Verb

-chua (infinitive kuchua)

  1. to rub

Conjugation

Conjugation of -chua
Non-finite forms
Form Positive Negative
Infinitive kuchua kutochua
Simple finite forms
Positive form Singular Plural
Imperative chua chueni
Habitual huchua
Complex finite forms
Polarity Persons Persons / Classes Classes
1st 2nd 3rd / M-wa M-mi Ma Ki-vi N U Ku Pa Mu
Sg. Pl. Sg. Pl. Sg. / 1 Pl. / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 / 14 15 / 17 16 18
Past
Positive nilichua
nalichua		 tulichua
twalichua		 ulichua
walichua		 mlichua
mwalichua		 alichua walichua ulichua ilichua lilichua yalichua kilichua vilichua ilichua zilichua ulichua kulichua palichua mulichua
Relative niliochua
naliochua		 tuliochua
twaliochua		 uliochua
waliochua		 mliochua
mwaliochua		 aliochua waliochua uliochua iliochua liliochua yaliochua kiliochua viliochua iliochua ziliochua uliochua kuliochua paliochua muliochua
Negative sikuchua hatukuchua hukuchua hamkuchua hakuchua hawakuchua haukuchua haikuchua halikuchua hayakuchua hakikuchua havikuchua haikuchua hazikuchua haukuchua hakukuchua hapakuchua hamukuchua
Present
Positive ninachua
nachua		 tunachua unachua mnachua anachua wanachua unachua inachua linachua yanachua kinachua vinachua inachua zinachua unachua kunachua panachua munachua
Relative ninaochua
naochua		 tunaochua unaochua mnaochua anaochua wanaochua unaochua inaochua linaochua yanaochua kinaochua vinaochua inaochua zinaochua unaochua kunaochua panaochua munaochua
Negative sichui hatuchui huchui hamchui hachui hawachui hauchui haichui halichui hayachui hakichui havichui haichui hazichui hauchui hakuchui hapachui hamuchui
Future
Positive nitachua tutachua utachua mtachua atachua watachua utachua itachua litachua yatachua kitachua vitachua itachua zitachua utachua kutachua patachua mutachua
Relative nitakaochua tutakaochua utakaochua mtakaochua atakaochua watakaochua utakaochua itakaochua litakaochua yatakaochua kitakaochua vitakaochua itakaochua zitakaochua utakaochua kutakaochua patakaochua mutakaochua
Negative sitachua hatutachua hutachua hamtachua hatachua hawatachua hautachua haitachua halitachua hayatachua hakitachua havitachua haitachua hazitachua hautachua hakutachua hapatachua hamutachua
Subjunctive
Positive nichue tuchue uchue mchue achue wachue uchue ichue lichue yachue kichue vichue ichue zichue uchue kuchue pachue muchue
Negative nisichue tusichue usichue msichue asichue wasichue usichue isichue lisichue yasichue kisichue visichue isichue zisichue usichue kusichue pasichue musichue
Present Conditional
Positive ningechua tungechua ungechua mngechua angechua wangechua ungechua ingechua lingechua yangechua kingechua vingechua ingechua zingechua ungechua kungechua pangechua mungechua
Negative nisingechua
singechua		 tusingechua
hatungechua		 usingechua
hungechua		 msingechua
hamngechua		 asingechua
hangechua		 wasingechua
hawangechua		 usingechua
haungechua		 isingechua
haingechua		 lisingechua
halingechua		 yasingechua
hayangechua		 kisingechua
hakingechua		 visingechua
havingechua		 isingechua
haingechua		 zisingechua
hazingechua		 usingechua
haungechua		 kusingechua
hakungechua		 pasingechua
hapangechua		 musingechua
hamungechua
Past Conditional
Positive ningalichua tungalichua ungalichua mngalichua angalichua wangalichua ungalichua ingalichua lingalichua yangalichua kingalichua vingalichua ingalichua zingalichua ungalichua kungalichua pangalichua mungalichua
Negative nisingalichua
singalichua		 tusingalichua
hatungalichua		 usingalichua
hungalichua		 msingalichua
hamngalichua		 asingalichua
hangalichua		 wasingalichua
hawangalichua		 usingalichua
haungalichua		 isingalichua
haingalichua		 lisingalichua
halingalichua		 yasingalichua
hayangalichua		 kisingalichua
hakingalichua		 visingalichua
havingalichua		 isingalichua
haingalichua		 zisingalichua
hazingalichua		 usingalichua
haungalichua		 kusingalichua
hakungalichua		 pasingalichua
hapangalichua		 musingalichua
hamungalichua
Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive ningelichua tungelichua ungelichua mngelichua angelichua wangelichua ungelichua ingelichua lingelichua yangelichua kingelichua vingelichua ingelichua zingelichua ungelichua kungelichua pangelichua mungelichua
General Relative
Positive nichuao tuchuao uchuao mchuao achuao wachuao uchuao ichuao lichuao yachuao kichuao vichuao ichuao zichuao uchuao kuchuao pachuao muchuao
Negative nisiochua tusiochua usiochua msiochua asiochua wasiochua usiochua isiochua lisiochua yasiochua kisiochua visiochua isiochua zisiochua usiochua kusiochua pasiochua musiochua
Gnomic
Positive nachua twachua wachua mwachua achua wachua wachua yachua lachua yachua chachua vyachua yachua zachua wachua kwachua pachua mwachua
Perfect
Positive nimechua tumechua umechua mmechua amechua wamechua umechua imechua limechua yamechua kimechua vimechua imechua zimechua umechua kumechua pamechua mumechua
"Already"
Positive nimeshachua tumeshachua umeshachua mmeshachua ameshachua wameshachua umeshachua imeshachua limeshachua yameshachua kimeshachua vimeshachua imeshachua zimeshachua umeshachua kumeshachua pameshachua mumeshachua
"Not yet"
Negative sijachua hatujachua hujachua hamjachua hajachua hawajachua haujachua haijachua halijachua hayajachua hakijachua havijachua haijachua hazijachua haujachua hakujachua hapajachua hamujachua
"If/When"
Positive nikichua tukichua ukichua mkichua akichua wakichua ukichua ikichua likichua yakichua kikichua vikichua ikichua zikichua ukichua kukichua pakichua mukichua
"If not"
Negative nisipochua tusipochua usipochua msipochua asipochua wasipochua usipochua isipochua lisipochua yasipochua kisipochua visipochua isipochua zisipochua usipochua kusipochua pasipochua musipochua
Consecutive
Positive nikachua tukachua ukachua mkachua akachua wakachua ukachua ikachua likachua yakachua kikachua vikachua ikachua zikachua ukachua kukachua pakachua mukachua
Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

  • Verbal derivations:
    • Reciprocal: -chuana (“to conflict”)

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *ɟɔːʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟuʔ (“sour”); cognates include Khmer ជូរ (cuu), Khasi jew. This term displays an unexpected tone.

Adjective

chua (䣷) (fully reduplicated form chua chua)

  1. sour; acid; vinegary
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 註 (SV: chú).

Verb

chua (𢟐)

  1. (archaic) to make clear with a note; to note; to annotate

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