cứng

See also: cung, cùng, cúng, and cũng

Vietnamese

Etymology

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 勁 (“powerful, strong”; SV: kình), or, alternatively, from Proto-Vietic *kəŋʔ. Compare Khmer កឹង (kəng) and Pacoh câng.

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kɨŋ˧˦]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [kɨŋ˦˧˥]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [kɨŋ˦˥]

Adjective

cứng (fully reduplicated form cưng cứng)

hard, tough, rigid

Derived terms

Terms derived from cứng

bọ cánh cứng
cứng cáp

cứng cựa
cứng nhắc

cứng rắn

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