-ывать

Russian

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɨvətʲ]

Suffix

-ывать • (-yvatʹ)

  1. Used to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs. Normally used with stems ending in paired non-palatal consonants, but occasionally found with stems ending in paired palatal consonants, with the consonant becoming non-palatal before this suffix.
    отде́лать pf (otdélatʹ) → отде́лывать impf (otdélyvatʹ)
    записа́ть pf (zapisátʹ) → запи́сывать impf (zapísyvatʹ)
    срабо́тать pf (srabótatʹ) → сраба́тывать impf (srabátyvatʹ)
    опроки́нуть pf (oprokínutʹ) → опроки́дывать impf (oprokídyvatʹ)
    обхвати́ть pf (obxvatítʹ) → обхва́тывать impf (obxvátyvatʹ)
    заката́ть pf (zakatátʹ) → зака́тывать impf (zakátyvatʹ)
    закати́ть pf (zakatítʹ) → зака́тывать impf (zakátyvatʹ)
  2. Used for form frequentative verbs from non-prefixed verbs.
    писа́ть (pisátʹ, “to write”) → пи́сывать (písyvatʹ, “to write repeatedly”)
    чита́ть (čitátʹ, “to read”) → чи́тывать (čítyvatʹ, “to read repeatedly”)

Usage notes

The frequentative and imperfectivizing suffixes are etymologically the same. The suffixes are used with verbs in -ать (-atʹ) and -нуть (-nutʹ) (in the latter case, the underlying root reappears, which may involve an extra consonant that was lost before the -н- of the verbal suffix). They are also used with some verbs in -ить (-itʹ). The spelling variant -ивать (-ivatʹ) is used instead with verbs that end in root-final velars (к г х) and hushing consonants (ш ж ч щ). The stress is drawn onto the syllable before the prefix, and an о in that syllable usually changes into а.

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Russian_words_suffixed_with_-%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C'>Russian words suffixed with -ывать</a>
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