거칠다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 거출다 (kechulta).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[kʌ̹t͡ɕʰiɭda̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[거칠다]
|
Adjective
거칠다 • (geochilda) (infinitive 거칠어, sequential 거치니)
- to be rough or coarse in texture
- to be rough or coarse in manner
- (of a landscape or seascape) to be wild or desolate
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 거칠다 (geochilda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 거칠 (geochil) |
| Stem 2 | 거칠어 (geochireo) |
| Stem 3 | 거치 (geochi) |
| Conjugation type | Consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 거칠다 geochilda |
거칠어 geochireo |
거칠어요 geochireoyo |
거칩니다 geochimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 거칠었다 geochireotda |
거칠었어 geochireosseo |
거칠었어요 geochireosseoyo |
거칠었습니다 geochireotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 거치냐 geochinya |
거칠어 geochireo |
거칠어요 geochireoyo |
거칩니까 geochimnikka |
| Past | 거칠었냐 geochireonnya |
거칠었어 geochireosseo |
거칠었어요 geochireosseoyo |
거칠었습니까 geochireotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 거칠겠다 geochilgetda | 거칠겠어 geochilgesseo | 거칠겠어요 geochilgesseoyo | 거칠겠습니다 geochilgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 거칠어 geochireo | 거칠어서 geochireoseo | 거치니 geochini | 거치니까 geochinikka | |
| Contrast | 거칠지만 geochiljiman | 거친데 geochinde | 거칠더니 geochildeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 거칠고 geochilgo | ||||
| Condition | 거칠면 geochilmyeon | 거칠어야 geochireoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 거칢 geochim | 거칠기 geochilgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 거칠었음 geochireosseum | 거칠었기 geochireotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 거친 geochin | |||
| Future | 거칠 geochil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 거치시다 geochisida |
거치셔 geochisyeo |
거치세요, 거치셔요 geochiseyo, geochisyeoyo |
거치십니다 geochisimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 거치셨다 geochisyeotda |
거치셨어 geochisyeosseo |
거치셨어요 geochisyeosseoyo |
거치셨습니다 geochisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 거치시냐 geochisinya |
거치셔 geochisyeo |
거치세요, 거치셔요 geochiseyo, geochisyeoyo |
거치십니까 geochisimnikka |
| Past | 거치셨냐 geochisyeonnya |
거치셨어 geochisyeosseo |
거치셨어요 geochisyeosseoyo |
거치셨습니까 geochisyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 거치시겠다 geochisigetda | 거치시겠어 geochisigesseo | 거치시겠어요 geochisigesseoyo | 거치시겠습니다 geochisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 거치셔 geochisyeo | 거치셔서 geochisyeoseo | 거치시니 geochisini | 거치시니까 geochisinikka | |
| Contrast | 거치시지만 geochisijiman | 거치신데 geochisinde | 거치시더니 geochisideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 거치시고 geochisigo | ||||
| Condition | 거치시면 geochisimyeon | 거치셔야 geochisyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 거치심 geochisim | 거치시기 geochisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 거치셨음 geochisyeosseum | 거치셨기 geochisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 거치신 geochisin | |||
| Future | 거치실 geochisil | ||||
See also
- 거치다 (geochida, “to pass through”)
- 거칠하다 (geochilhada, “to be haggard”)
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