坎坷

Chinese

		pit; threshold	uneven (path); unfortunate (in life)
simp. and trad. (坎坷)		坎	坷
alt. forms		轗軻／𫐘轲堿坷㙳坷坎碣 (-khia̍t/khiat) Min Nan 嵁硈 (-khia̍t/khiat) Min Nan

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǎnkě

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˇ ㄎㄜˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ham² ho², ham¹ ho¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kham-khiek
Min Nan (POJ): khám-khó / khám-kho / khám-khia̍t / kham-khia̍t / khám-khiat

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kǎnkě [Phonetic: kánkě]
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇ ㄎㄜˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaankee
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰa̠n²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ham² ho², ham¹ ho¹
  - Yale: hám hó, hām hō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham² ho², ham¹ ho¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem² ho², hem¹ ho¹
  - IPA ^(key): /hɐm³⁵ hɔː³⁵/, /hɐm⁵⁵ hɔː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kham-khiek
  - Hakka Romanization System: kam kieg`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kam⁴ kieg⁵
  - IPA: /kʰam⁵⁵ kʰi̯ek̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khám-khó
  - Tâi-lô: khám-khó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qafmqoir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰo⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰo⁵³/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khám-kho
  - Tâi-lô: khám-kho
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qafmqoy
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰɤ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰo⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khám-khia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: khám-khia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qafmqiat
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰiɛt̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kʰam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɛt̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kham-khia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: kham-khia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qamqiat
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰam⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɛt̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰiɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰam⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɛt̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khám-khiat
  - Tâi-lô: khám-khiat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qafmqiad
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɛt̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɛt̚³²/

Note: khám-khia̍t/kham-khia̍t/khám-khiat - 坎碣 is used in the Mainland.

Adjective

坎坷

(of a road) bumpy
(figuratively, of life) hard; rough; ill-fated; unfortunate; unfavoured

Derived terms

命途坎坷

坎坷不平

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