ἐράω

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

ἔρᾰμαι (éramai) – in poetry
ἐρέω (eréō) – Ionic

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.rá.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɛˈra.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eˈra.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈra.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈra.o/

Verb

ἐρᾰ́ω • (eráō)

(construed with the genitive of person or with a cognate accusative) I love with sexual passion, I am in love with
(without sexual reference) I love warmly (opposed to φιλέω)
(construed with the genitive of thing or with an infinitive) I love or desire passionately (to do [something] – when construed with an infinitive)

Usage notes

In the active voice, this verb only occurs in the present and imperfect tenses; for all other tenses in the active voice, forms of ἔραμαι (éramai) are supplied.

Conjugation

Present: ἐρᾰ́ω, ἐρᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρᾰ́ω	ἐρᾰ́εις	ἐρᾰ́ει	ἐρᾰ́ετον	ἐρᾰ́ετον	ἐρᾰ́ομεν	ἐρᾰ́ετε	ἐρᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐρᾰ́ω	ἐρᾰ́ῃς	ἐρᾰ́ῃ	ἐρᾰ́ητον	ἐρᾰ́ητον	ἐρᾰ́ωμεν	ἐρᾰ́ητε	ἐρᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρᾰ́οιμῐ	ἐρᾰ́οις	ἐρᾰ́οι	ἐρᾰ́οιτον	ἐρᾰοίτην	ἐρᾰ́οιμεν	ἐρᾰ́οιτε	ἐρᾰ́οιεν
	imperative		ἔρᾰε	ἐρᾰέτω	ἐρᾰ́ετον	ἐρᾰέτων		ἐρᾰ́ετε	ἐρᾰόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρᾰ́ομαι	ἐρᾰ́ῃ, ἐρᾰ́ει	ἐρᾰ́εται	ἐρᾰ́εσθον	ἐρᾰ́εσθον	ἐρᾰόμεθᾰ	ἐρᾰ́εσθε	ἐρᾰ́ονται
	subjunctive	ἐρᾰ́ωμαι	ἐρᾰ́ῃ	ἐρᾰ́ηται	ἐρᾰ́ησθον	ἐρᾰ́ησθον	ἐρᾰώμεθᾰ	ἐρᾰ́ησθε	ἐρᾰ́ωνται
	optative	ἐρᾰοίμην	ἐρᾰ́οιο	ἐρᾰ́οιτο	ἐρᾰ́οισθον	ἐρᾰοίσθην	ἐρᾰοίμεθᾰ	ἐρᾰ́οισθε	ἐρᾰ́οιντο
	imperative		ἐρᾰ́ου	ἐρᾰέσθω	ἐρᾰ́εσθον	ἐρᾰέσθων		ἐρᾰ́εσθε	ἐρᾰέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐρᾰ́ειν				ἐρᾰ́εσθαι
participle	m	ἐρᾰ́ων				ἐρᾰόμενος
	f	ἐρᾰ́ουσᾰ				ἐρᾰομένη
	n	ἐρᾰ́ον				ἐρᾰόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ἐρῶ, ἐρῶμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρῶ	ἐρᾷς	ἐρᾷ	ἐρᾶτον	ἐρᾶτον	ἐρῶμεν	ἐρᾶτε	ἐρῶσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐρῶ	ἐρᾷς	ἐρᾷ	ἐρᾶτον	ἐρᾶτον	ἐρῶμεν	ἐρᾶτε	ἐρῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρῴην, ἐρῷμῐ	ἐρῴης, ἐρῷς	ἐρῴη, ἐρῷ	ἐρῷτον, ἐρῴητον	ἐρῴτην, ἐρῳήτην	ἐρῷμεν, ἐρῴημεν	ἐρῷτε, ἐρῴητε	ἐρῷεν, ἐρῴησᾰν
	imperative		ἔρᾱ	ἐρᾱ́τω	ἐρᾶτον	ἐρᾱ́των		ἐρᾶτε	ἐρώντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρῶμαι	ἐρᾷ	ἐρᾶται	ἐρᾶσθον	ἐρᾶσθον	ἐρώμεθᾰ	ἐρᾶσθε	ἐρῶνται
	subjunctive	ἐρῶμαι	ἐρᾷ	ἐρᾶται	ἐρᾶσθον	ἐρᾶσθον	ἐρώμεθᾰ	ἐρᾶσθε	ἐρῶνται
	optative	ἐρῴμην	ἐρῷο	ἐρῷτο	ἐρῷσθον	ἐρῴσθην	ἐρῴμεθᾰ	ἐρῷσθε	ἐρῷντο
	imperative		ἐρῶ	ἐρᾱ́σθω	ἐρᾶσθον	ἐρᾱ́σθων		ἐρᾶσθε	ἐρᾱ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐρᾶν				ἐρᾶσθαι
participle	m	ἐρῶν				ἐρώμενος
	f	ἐρῶσᾰ				ἐρωμένη
	n	ἐρῶν				ἐρώμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἤρᾰον, ἠρᾰόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρᾰον	ἤρᾰες	ἤρᾰε(ν)	ἠρᾰ́ετον	ἠρᾰέτην	ἠρᾰ́ομεν	ἠρᾰ́ετε	ἤρᾰον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠρᾰόμην	ἠρᾰ́ου	ἠρᾰ́ετο	ἠρᾰ́εσθον	ἠρᾰέσθην	ἠρᾰόμεθᾰ	ἠρᾰ́εσθε	ἠρᾰ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἤρων, ἠρώμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρων	ἤρᾱς	ἤρᾱ	ἠρᾶτον	ἠρᾱ́την	ἠρῶμεν	ἠρᾶτε	ἤρων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠρώμην	ἠρῶ	ἠρᾶτο	ἠρᾶσθον	ἠρᾱ́σθην	ἠρώμεθᾰ	ἠρᾶσθε	ἠρῶντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἠράσθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
passive	indicative	ἠράσθην	ἠράσθης	ἠράσθη	ἠράσθητον	ἠρασθήτην	ἠράσθημεν	ἠράσθητε	ἠράσθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐρασθῶ	ἐρασθῇς	ἐρασθῇ	ἐρασθῆτον	ἐρασθῆτον	ἐρασθῶμεν	ἐρασθῆτε	ἐρασθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρασθείην	ἐρασθείης	ἐρασθείη	ἐρασθεῖτον, ἐρασθείητον	ἐρασθείτην, ἐρασθειήτην	ἐρασθεῖμεν, ἐρασθείημεν	ἐρασθεῖτε, ἐρασθείητε	ἐρασθεῖεν, ἐρασθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἐράσθητῐ	ἐρασθήτω	ἐράσθητον	ἐρασθήτων		ἐράσθητε	ἐρασθέντων
							passive
infinitive							ἐρασθῆναι
participle	m						ἐρασθείς
	f						ἐρασθεῖσᾰ
	n						ἐρασθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ᾰ̓ντερᾰ́ω (anteráō)
ἐρωμένη (erōménē)
ἐρώμενος (erṓmenos)
ἐρῶν (erôn)

References

ἐράω (A) in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.rǎː.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɛˈra.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eˈra.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈra.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈra.o/

Verb

ἐρᾱ́ω • (erā́ō)

(usually in compounds) I pour forth, I vomit
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1599
- AD 5th C., Hesychius Alexandreus

Conjugation

Present: ἐρᾰ́ω, ἐρᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρᾰ́ω	ἐρᾰ́εις	ἐρᾰ́ει	ἐρᾰ́ετον	ἐρᾰ́ετον	ἐρᾰ́ομεν	ἐρᾰ́ετε	ἐρᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐρᾰ́ω	ἐρᾰ́ῃς	ἐρᾰ́ῃ	ἐρᾰ́ητον	ἐρᾰ́ητον	ἐρᾰ́ωμεν	ἐρᾰ́ητε	ἐρᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρᾰ́οιμῐ	ἐρᾰ́οις	ἐρᾰ́οι	ἐρᾰ́οιτον	ἐρᾰοίτην	ἐρᾰ́οιμεν	ἐρᾰ́οιτε	ἐρᾰ́οιεν
	imperative		ἔρᾰε	ἐρᾰέτω	ἐρᾰ́ετον	ἐρᾰέτων		ἐρᾰ́ετε	ἐρᾰόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρᾰ́ομαι	ἐρᾰ́ῃ, ἐρᾰ́ει	ἐρᾰ́εται	ἐρᾰ́εσθον	ἐρᾰ́εσθον	ἐρᾰόμεθᾰ	ἐρᾰ́εσθε	ἐρᾰ́ονται
	subjunctive	ἐρᾰ́ωμαι	ἐρᾰ́ῃ	ἐρᾰ́ηται	ἐρᾰ́ησθον	ἐρᾰ́ησθον	ἐρᾰώμεθᾰ	ἐρᾰ́ησθε	ἐρᾰ́ωνται
	optative	ἐρᾰοίμην	ἐρᾰ́οιο	ἐρᾰ́οιτο	ἐρᾰ́οισθον	ἐρᾰοίσθην	ἐρᾰοίμεθᾰ	ἐρᾰ́οισθε	ἐρᾰ́οιντο
	imperative		ἐρᾰ́ου	ἐρᾰέσθω	ἐρᾰ́εσθον	ἐρᾰέσθων		ἐρᾰ́εσθε	ἐρᾰέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐρᾰ́ειν				ἐρᾰ́εσθαι
participle	m	ἐρᾰ́ων				ἐρᾰόμενος
	f	ἐρᾰ́ουσᾰ				ἐρᾰομένη
	n	ἐρᾰ́ον				ἐρᾰόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ἐρῶ, ἐρῶμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρῶ	ἐρᾷς	ἐρᾷ	ἐρᾶτον	ἐρᾶτον	ἐρῶμεν	ἐρᾶτε	ἐρῶσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐρῶ	ἐρᾷς	ἐρᾷ	ἐρᾶτον	ἐρᾶτον	ἐρῶμεν	ἐρᾶτε	ἐρῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρῴην, ἐρῷμῐ	ἐρῴης, ἐρῷς	ἐρῴη, ἐρῷ	ἐρῷτον, ἐρῴητον	ἐρῴτην, ἐρῳήτην	ἐρῷμεν, ἐρῴημεν	ἐρῷτε, ἐρῴητε	ἐρῷεν, ἐρῴησᾰν
	imperative		ἔρᾱ	ἐρᾱ́τω	ἐρᾶτον	ἐρᾱ́των		ἐρᾶτε	ἐρώντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρῶμαι	ἐρᾷ	ἐρᾶται	ἐρᾶσθον	ἐρᾶσθον	ἐρώμεθᾰ	ἐρᾶσθε	ἐρῶνται
	subjunctive	ἐρῶμαι	ἐρᾷ	ἐρᾶται	ἐρᾶσθον	ἐρᾶσθον	ἐρώμεθᾰ	ἐρᾶσθε	ἐρῶνται
	optative	ἐρῴμην	ἐρῷο	ἐρῷτο	ἐρῷσθον	ἐρῴσθην	ἐρῴμεθᾰ	ἐρῷσθε	ἐρῷντο
	imperative		ἐρῶ	ἐρᾱ́σθω	ἐρᾶσθον	ἐρᾱ́σθων		ἐρᾶσθε	ἐρᾱ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐρᾶν				ἐρᾶσθαι
participle	m	ἐρῶν				ἐρώμενος
	f	ἐρῶσᾰ				ἐρωμένη
	n	ἐρῶν				ἐρώμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἤρᾰον, ἠρᾰόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρᾰον	ἤρᾰες	ἤρᾰε(ν)	ἠρᾰ́ετον	ἠρᾰέτην	ἠρᾰ́ομεν	ἠρᾰ́ετε	ἤρᾰον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠρᾰόμην	ἠρᾰ́ου	ἠρᾰ́ετο	ἠρᾰ́εσθον	ἠρᾰέσθην	ἠρᾰόμεθᾰ	ἠρᾰ́εσθε	ἠρᾰ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἤρων, ἠρώμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρων	ἤρᾱς	ἤρᾱ	ἠρᾶτον	ἠρᾱ́την	ἠρῶμεν	ἠρᾶτε	ἤρων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠρώμην	ἠρῶ	ἠρᾶτο	ἠρᾶσθον	ἠρᾱ́σθην	ἠρώμεθᾰ	ἠρᾶσθε	ἠρῶντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ἐρᾱ́σω, ἐρᾱ́σομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρᾱ́σω	ἐρᾱ́σεις	ἐρᾱ́σει	ἐρᾱ́σετον	ἐρᾱ́σετον	ἐρᾱ́σομεν	ἐρᾱ́σετε	ἐρᾱ́σουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ἐρᾱ́σοιμῐ	ἐρᾱ́σοις	ἐρᾱ́σοι	ἐρᾱ́σοιτον	ἐρᾱσοίτην	ἐρᾱ́σοιμεν	ἐρᾱ́σοιτε	ἐρᾱ́σοιεν
middle	indicative	ἐρᾱ́σομαι	ἐρᾱ́σῃ, ἐρᾱ́σει	ἐρᾱ́σεται	ἐρᾱ́σεσθον	ἐρᾱ́σεσθον	ἐρᾱσόμεθᾰ	ἐρᾱ́σεσθε	ἐρᾱ́σονται
middle	optative	ἐρᾱσοίμην	ἐρᾱ́σοιο	ἐρᾱ́σοιτο	ἐρᾱ́σοισθον	ἐρᾱσοίσθην	ἐρᾱσοίμεθᾰ	ἐρᾱ́σοισθε	ἐρᾱ́σοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἐρᾱ́σειν			ἐρᾱ́σεσθαι
participle	m	ἐρᾱ́σων			ἐρᾱσόμενος
	f	ἐρᾱ́σουσᾰ			ἐρᾱσομένη
	n	ἐρᾶσον			ἐρᾱσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἤρᾱσᾰ, ἠρᾱσᾰ́μην, ἠρᾱ́θην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρᾱσᾰ	ἤρᾱσᾰς	ἤρᾱσε(ν)	ἠρᾱ́σᾰτον	ἠρᾱσᾰ́την	ἠρᾱ́σᾰμεν	ἠρᾱ́σᾰτε	ἤρᾱσᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐρᾱ́σω	ἐρᾱ́σῃς	ἐρᾱ́σῃ	ἐρᾱ́σητον	ἐρᾱ́σητον	ἐρᾱ́σωμεν	ἐρᾱ́σητε	ἐρᾱ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρᾱ́σαιμῐ	ἐρᾱ́σειᾰς, ἐρᾱ́σαις	ἐρᾱ́σειε(ν), ἐρᾱ́σαι	ἐρᾱ́σαιτον	ἐρᾱσαίτην	ἐρᾱ́σαιμεν	ἐρᾱ́σαιτε	ἐρᾱ́σειᾰν, ἐρᾱ́σαιεν
	imperative		ἔρᾱσον	ἐρᾱσᾰ́τω	ἐρᾱ́σᾰτον	ἐρᾱσᾰ́των		ἐρᾱ́σᾰτε	ἐρᾱσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἠρᾱσᾰ́μην	ἠρᾱ́σω	ἠρᾱ́σᾰτο	ἠρᾱ́σᾰσθον	ἠρᾱσᾰ́σθην	ἠρᾱσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἠρᾱ́σᾰσθε	ἠρᾱ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἐρᾱ́σωμαι	ἐρᾱ́σῃ	ἐρᾱ́σηται	ἐρᾱ́σησθον	ἐρᾱ́σησθον	ἐρᾱσώμεθᾰ	ἐρᾱ́σησθε	ἐρᾱ́σωνται
	optative	ἐρᾱσαίμην	ἐρᾱ́σαιο	ἐρᾱ́σαιτο	ἐρᾱ́σαισθον	ἐρᾱσαίσθην	ἐρᾱσαίμεθᾰ	ἐρᾱ́σαισθε	ἐρᾱ́σαιντο
	imperative		ἔρᾱσαι	ἐρᾱσᾰ́σθω	ἐρᾱ́σᾰσθον	ἐρᾱσᾰ́σθων		ἐρᾱ́σᾰσθε	ἐρᾱσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἠρᾱ́θην	ἠρᾱ́θης	ἠρᾱ́θη	ἠρᾱ́θητον	ἠρᾱθήτην	ἠρᾱ́θημεν	ἠρᾱ́θητε	ἠρᾱ́θησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐρᾱθῶ	ἐρᾱθῇς	ἐρᾱθῇ	ἐρᾱθῆτον	ἐρᾱθῆτον	ἐρᾱθῶμεν	ἐρᾱθῆτε	ἐρᾱθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρᾱθείην	ἐρᾱθείης	ἐρᾱθείη	ἐρᾱθεῖτον, ἐρᾱθείητον	ἐρᾱθείτην, ἐρᾱθειήτην	ἐρᾱθεῖμεν, ἐρᾱθείημεν	ἐρᾱθεῖτε, ἐρᾱθείητε	ἐρᾱθεῖεν, ἐρᾱθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἐρᾱ́θητῐ	ἐρᾱθήτω	ἐρᾱ́θητον	ἐρᾱθήτων		ἐρᾱ́θητε	ἐρᾱθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἐρᾶσαι			ἐρᾱ́σᾰσθαι		ἐρᾱθῆναι
participle	m	ἐρᾱ́σᾱς			ἐρᾱσᾰ́μενος		ἐρᾱθείς
	f	ἐρᾱ́σᾱσᾰ			ἐρᾱσᾰμένη		ἐρᾱθεῖσᾰ
	n	ἐρᾶσᾰν			ἐρᾱσᾰ́μενον		ἐρᾱθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ἔρᾱκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔρᾱκᾰ	ἔρᾱκᾰς	ἔρᾱκε(ν)	ἐρᾱ́κᾰτον	ἐρᾱ́κᾰτον	ἐρᾱ́κᾰμεν	ἐρᾱ́κᾰτε	ἐρᾱ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐρᾱ́κω	ἐρᾱ́κῃς	ἐρᾱ́κῃ	ἐρᾱ́κητον	ἐρᾱ́κητον	ἐρᾱ́κωμεν	ἐρᾱ́κητε	ἐρᾱ́κωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρᾱ́κοιμῐ, ἐρᾱκοίην	ἐρᾱ́κοις, ἐρᾱκοίης	ἐρᾱ́κοι, ἐρᾱκοίη	ἐρᾱ́κοιτον	ἐρᾱκοίτην	ἐρᾱ́κοιμεν	ἐρᾱ́κοιτε	ἐρᾱ́κοιεν
	imperative		ἔρᾱκε	ἐρᾱκέτω	ἐρᾱ́κετον	ἐρᾱκέτων		ἐρᾱ́κετε	ἐρᾱκόντων
		active
infinitive		ἐρᾱκέναι
participle	m	ἐρᾱκώς
	f	ἐρᾱκυῖᾰ
	n	ἐρᾱκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Synonyms

κενόω (kenóō)

Derived terms

ᾰ̓περᾱ́ω (aperā́ō)
ἐξερᾱ́ω (exerā́ō)
κᾰτεξερᾱ́ω (katexerā́ō)
κᾰτερᾱ́ω (katerā́ō)
μετερᾱ́ω (meterā́ō)
σῠνερᾱ́ω (sunerā́ō)

References

ἐράω (B) in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

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