ἐγώ

See also: εγώ

Ancient Greek

first person pronoun ^(edit)
case	singular		dual	plural
case	str.	encl.	str.	str.
nominative	ἐγώ		νώ, νῶϊ	ἡμεῖς
genitive	ἐμοῦ	μου	νῷν	ἡμῶν
dative	ἐμοί	μοι	νῷν	ἡμῖν
accusative	ἐμέ	με	νώ, νῶϊ	ἡμᾶς

adjective	ἐμός			ἡμέτερος

Alternative forms

ἐγών (egṓn)
ἰώ (iṓ), ἱών (hiṓn) – Boeotian
ἔγω (égō) – Aeolic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Latin ego.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.ɡɔ̌ː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɛˈɡo/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eˈɣo/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈɣo/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈɣo/

Pronoun

ἐγώ • (egṓ)

(Epic, Attic, Ionic, Thessalian, Koine)

first person singular personal pronoun: I, me, my

Usage notes

ἐγών (egṓn) is used in Epic mostly before vowels, and is used in Doric also before consonants. The dual and plural are νώ (nṓ) and ἡμεῖς (hēmeîs).

Declension

Irregular declension of ἐγώ; ἔγωγε‡; ἐμοῦ; μου†; ἐμοῦγε‡ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγώ; ἔγωγε‡ egṓ? égōge‡
Genitive	ἐμοῦ; μου†; ἐμοῦγε‡ emoû? mou†? emoûge‡
Dative	ἐμοί; μοι†; ἔμοιγε‡ emoí? moi†? émoige‡
Accusative	ἐμέ; με†; ἐμέγε‡ emé? me†? emége‡
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension of ἐγώ(ν); ἐμεῖο; ἐμέο; ἐμεῦ; μευ†; ἐμέθεν (Epic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγώ(ν) egṓ(n)
Genitive	ἐμεῖο; ἐμέο; ἐμεῦ; μευ†; ἐμέθεν emeîo? eméo? emeû? meu†? eméthen
Dative	ἐμοί; μοι† emoí? moi†
Accusative	ἐμέ; με† emé? me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension of ἐγώ; ἐμέο; ἐμεῦ; μευ† (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγώ egṓ
Genitive	ἐμέο; ἐμεῦ; μευ† eméo? emeû? meu†
Dative	ἐμοί; μοι† emoí? moi†
Accusative	ἐμέ; με emé? me
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension of ἐγών; ἐγώνγᾱ‡; ἐμέος; ἐμοῦς; ἐμεῦς; ἐμέθεν (Doric)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγών; ἐγώνγᾱ‡ egṓn? egṓngā‡
Genitive	ἐμέος; ἐμοῦς; ἐμεῦς; ἐμέθεν eméos? emoûs? emeûs? eméthen
Dative	ἐμῐ́ν; μοι†; ἐμίνγα‡ emín? moi†? emínga‡
Accusative	ἐμέ; με† emé? me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension of ἔγω; ἔμεθεν; ἐμεῖο; μεθέν (Aeolic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἔγω égō
Genitive	ἔμεθεν; ἐμεῖο; μεθέν émethen? emeîo? methén
Dative	ἔμοι; μοι† émoi? moi†
Accusative	ἔμε; με† éme? me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension of ἰώ; ἰών; ἰώνγα‡; ἰώνει‡; ἰώγᾱ‡; ἐμοῦς; ἐμῶς; ἐμῐ́ο; ἐμίω; ἐμίως (Boeotian)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἰώ; ἰών; ἰώνγα‡; ἰώνει‡; ἰώγᾱ‡ iṓ? iṓn? iṓnga‡? iṓnei‡? iṓgā‡
Genitive	ἐμοῦς; ἐμῶς; ἐμῐ́ο; ἐμίω; ἐμίως emoûs? emôs? emío? emíō? emíōs
Dative	ἐμοί; μοι† emoí? moi†
Accusative	ἐμέ; με† emé? me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension of ἐγώ; ἐμοῦ; μου† (Thessalian)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγώ egṓ
Genitive	ἐμοῦ; μου† emoû? mou†
Dative	ἐμοί; μοι† emoí? moi†
Accusative	ἐμέ; με† emé? me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Derived terms

ἐμός (emós)
ἔγωγε (égōge)

Descendants

Greek: εγώ (egó)

References

ἐγώ in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ἐγώ in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ἐγώ in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἐγώ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἐγώ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2018)
ἐγώ in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G1473 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- i idem, page 413.
Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 325
William W. Goodwin, A Greek Grammar. Revised and enlarged, Boston, 1900, p.82f.

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