ἄγγελος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀐𐀫 (a-ke-ro), but origin uncertain. Probably a loan word, and probably related to ἄγγαρος (ángaros, “Persian mounted courier”) (whence Latin angarius), which is probably from an East Asian language (see also Sanskrit अजिरा (ajirā, “agile, swift”)). Klein suggests Semitic; but it could also be from Pre-Greek.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /áŋ.ɡe.los/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈaŋ.ɡɛ.los/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈaŋ.ɡe.los/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈaɲ.ɟe.los/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈaɲ.ɟe.los/
Noun
ἄγγελος • (ángelos) m (genitive ᾰ̓γγέλου); second declension
(Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ ἄγγελος ho ángelos |
τὼ ἀγγέλω tṑ angélō |
οἱ ἄγγελοι hoi ángeloi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ἀγγέλου toû angélou |
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν toîn angéloin |
τῶν ἀγγέλων tôn angélōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ἀγγέλῳ tôi angélōi |
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν toîn angéloin |
τοῖς ἀγγέλοις toîs angélois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν ἄγγελον tòn ángelon |
τὼ ἀγγέλω tṑ angélō |
τοὺς ἀγγέλους toùs angélous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἄγγελε ángele |
ἀγγέλω angélō |
ἄγγελοι ángeloi | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. | ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ ἄγγελος ho ángelos |
τὼ ἀγγέλω tṑ angélō |
οἱ ἄγγελοι hoi ángeloi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ἀγγέλου toû angélou |
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν toîn angéloin |
τῶν ἀγγέλων tôn angélōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ἀγγέλῳ tôi angélōi |
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν toîn angéloin |
τοῖσῐ(ν) ἀγγέλοις toîsi(n) angélois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν ἄγγελον tòn ángelon |
τὼ ἀγγέλω tṑ angélō |
τοὺς ἀγγέλους toùs angélous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἄγγελε ángele |
ἀγγέλω angélō |
ἄγγελοι ángeloi | ||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. | ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἄγγελος ángelos |
ἀγγέλω angélō |
ἄγγελοι ángeloi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | ἀγγέλου / ἀγγελοῖο / ἀγγέλοιο / ἀγγελόο / ἀγγέλοο angélou / angeloîo / angéloio / angelóo / angéloo |
ἀγγέλοιῐν angéloiin |
ἀγγέλων angélōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | ἀγγέλῳ angélōi |
ἀγγέλοιῐν angéloiin |
ἀγγέλοισῐ(ν) / ἀγγέλοις angéloisi(n) / angélois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | ἄγγελον ángelon |
ἀγγέλω angélō |
ἀγγέλους angélous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἄγγελε ángele |
ἀγγέλω angélō |
ἄγγελοι ángeloi | ||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀγγέλλω (angéllō)
- ἀγγελία (angelía)
- εὐαγγελίζω (euangelízō)
- εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion)
Descendants
Further reading
- ἄγγελος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἄγγελος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἄγγελος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἄγγελος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἄγγελος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἄγγελος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2018)
- ἄγγελος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G32 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 9
- Frisk, Hjalmar (1960–1972), “ἄγγελος”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter
- Klein, Dr. Ernest, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1971.
- “ἄγγελος” in John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors, The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.
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