श्वशुर

See also: श्वश्रू

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *swáśuras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swáĉuras, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱuros. Cognates include Ancient Greek ἑκυρός (hekurós), Latin socer, Old English sweor.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕʋɐ́.ɕu.ɽɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕʋɐ.ɕu.ɽɐ/

Noun

श्वशुर • (śváśura) m

father-in-law (either the husband’s or the wife’s father)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of श्वशुर (śváśura)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	श्वशुरः śváśuraḥ	श्वशुरौ śváśurau	श्वशुराः / श्वशुरासः¹ śváśurāḥ / śváśurāsaḥ¹
Vocative	श्वशुर śváśura	श्वशुरौ śváśurau	श्वशुराः / श्वशुरासः¹ śváśurāḥ / śváśurāsaḥ¹
Accusative	श्वशुरम् śváśuram	श्वशुरौ śváśurau	श्वशुरान् śváśurān
Instrumental	श्वशुरेण śváśureṇa	श्वशुराभ्याम् śváśurābhyām	श्वशुरैः / श्वशुरेभिः¹ śváśuraiḥ / śváśurebhiḥ¹
Dative	श्वशुराय śváśurāya	श्वशुराभ्याम् śváśurābhyām	श्वशुरेभ्यः śváśurebhyaḥ
Ablative	श्वशुरात् śváśurāt	श्वशुराभ्याम् śváśurābhyām	श्वशुरेभ्यः śváśurebhyaḥ
Genitive	श्वशुरस्य śváśurasya	श्वशुरयोः śváśurayoḥ	श्वशुराणाम् śváśurāṇām
Locative	श्वशुरे śváśure	श्वशुरयोः śváśurayoḥ	श्वशुरेषु śváśureṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Usage Notes

It can indicate both the husband’s or the wife’s father. In the oldest language however it only denotes the husband’s father.

Descendants

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
- Bengali: শ্বশুর (śśur)
- Oriya: ଶ୍ୱଶୁର (śwôśurô)
Dardic: *špášura
- Kalasha: išpášur
- Khowar: اِشپَشُر‎ (išpašúr)
Pali: sasura
Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Gujarati: સસરા (sasrā)
- Hindi: ससुर (sasur)
- Punjabi: ਸਹੁਰਾ (sahurā)
→ Telugu: శ్వశురుడు (śvaśuruḍu)

References

Sir Monier Monier-Williams (1898) A Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 1105/3

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