ध्रुव

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (fixed, firm, strong), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰru-wó-s, from *dʰer-us ~ *dʰr-éws + *-wós, from *dʰer- (to support, hold) + *-us. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (druua), Old Persian 𐎯𐎽𐎺 (duruva, firm, certain), Persian درست (dorost, healthy).

Pronunciation

Adjective

ध्रुव (dhruvá) m

  1. fixed, immovable
  2. firm, stable
  3. certain, sure
    मृतस्य जन्म ध्रुवम्mṛtasya janma dhruvamfor the dead life (ie, reincarnation) is certain

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ध्रुव
Nom. sg. ध्रुवः (dhruvaḥ)
Gen. sg. ध्रुवस्य (dhruvasya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ध्रुवः (dhruvaḥ) ध्रुवौ (dhruvau) ध्रुवाः (dhruvāḥ)
Vocative ध्रुव (dhruva) ध्रुवौ (dhruvau) ध्रुवाः (dhruvāḥ)
Accusative ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) ध्रुवौ (dhruvau) ध्रुवान् (dhruvān)
Instrumental ध्रुवेन (dhruvena) ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām) ध्रुवैः (dhruvaiḥ)
Dative ध्रुवाय (dhruvāya) ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām) ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvebhyaḥ)
Ablative ध्रुवात् (dhruvāt) ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām) ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvebhyaḥ)
Genitive ध्रुवस्य (dhruvasya) ध्रुवयोः (dhruvayoḥ) ध्रुवानाम् (dhruvānām)
Locative ध्रुवे (dhruve) ध्रुवयोः (dhruvayoḥ) ध्रुवेषु (dhruveṣu)
Feminine ā-stem declension of ध्रुव
Nom. sg. ध्रुवा (dhruvā)
Gen. sg. ध्रुवायाः (dhruvāyāḥ)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ध्रुवा (dhruvā) ध्रुवे (dhruve) ध्रुवाः (dhruvāḥ)
Vocative ध्रुवे (dhruve) ध्रुवे (dhruve) ध्रुवाः (dhruvāḥ)
Accusative ध्रुवाम् (dhruvām) ध्रुवे (dhruve) ध्रुवाः (dhruvāḥ)
Instrumental ध्रुवया (dhruvayā) ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām) ध्रुवाभिः (dhruvābhiḥ)
Dative ध्रुवायै (dhruvāyai) ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām) ध्रुवाभ्यः (dhruvābhyaḥ)
Ablative ध्रुवायाः (dhruvāyāḥ) ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām) ध्रुवाभ्यः (dhruvābhyaḥ)
Genitive ध्रुवायाः (dhruvāyāḥ) ध्रुवयोः (dhruvayoḥ) ध्रुवानाम् (dhruvānām)
Locative ध्रुवायाम् (dhruvāyām) ध्रुवयोः (dhruvayoḥ) ध्रुवासु (dhruvāsu)
Neuter a-stem declension of ध्रुव
Nom. sg. ध्रुवम् (dhruvam)
Gen. sg. ध्रुवस्य (dhruvasya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) ध्रुवे (dhruve) ध्रुवानि (dhruvāni)
Vocative ध्रुव (dhruva) ध्रुवे (dhruve) ध्रुवानि (dhruvāni)
Accusative ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) ध्रुवे (dhruve) ध्रुवानि (dhruvāni)
Instrumental ध्रुवेन (dhruvena) ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām) ध्रुवैः (dhruvaiḥ)
Dative ध्रुवाय (dhruvāya) ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām) ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvebhyaḥ)
Ablative ध्रुवात् (dhruvāt) ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām) ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvebhyaḥ)
Genitive ध्रुवस्य (dhruvasya) ध्रुवयोः (dhruvayoḥ) ध्रुवानाम् (dhruvānām)
Locative ध्रुवे (dhruve) ध्रुवयोः (dhruvayoḥ) ध्रुवेषु (dhruveṣu)

Descendants

Noun

ध्रुव (dhruva) m

  1. the celestial pole, the axis mundi
  2. a knot

Derived terms

  • ध्रुवक्षेम (dhruvakṣema, firmly fixed, immovable)
  • ध्रुवगति (dhruvagati, a firm position)
  • ध्रुववक (dhruvavaka, the unchangeable longitude of fixed stars)
  • ध्रौव्य (dhrauvya, fixedness, firmness)
  • Dhruva (a Puranic child sage who became the pole star)

References

  • Sir Monier Monier-Williams (1898) A Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 521-522
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