вы-

See also: вы, Вы, вꙑ, and Appendix:Variations of "bi"

Russian

Etymology

From Old East Slavic вꙑ- (vy-), from Proto-Slavic *vy- (“out”), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)ud (Derksen) or *ūd- : *ūt- (Černyx). In Slavic, the final consonant was dropped.

Cognates include English out, German aus (“out”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [vɨ]

Prefix

вы́- • (vý-) (this prefix almost invariably bears the stress in perfective verbs, but not in imperfective verbs)

(used with verbs) out, out from (describing an action of moving outside from inside)
- идти́ (idtí) — to go
- вы́йти (výjti) — to go out
(used with verbs) completion or fulfillment
- кури́ть (kurítʹ) — to smoke
- вы́курить (výkuritʹ) — to smoke to the end

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “вы-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačev O. N., Moscow: Progress
Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “вы-”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 173

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