Synonymy

• Homotypic
  • Penianthus longifolius Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 20(117): (171–)172. 1867. – Contr. Bot. 3: 18, 373, t. 149. 1871.

• Heterotypic
  • Penianthus klaineanus Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, sér. 2, 1(10): 76(–77). 1898. (as P. Klaineanus)
  • Penianthus fruticosus Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1(1): 74. (Mar) 1927. – Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927(4): 157. (May) 1927.
  • Penianthus gossweileri Exell, J. Bot. 73(Suppl. 1): 8. 1935.

Primary references

• Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J.M. 1927. 11. Menispermaceae. Pp. 68–75 in Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 1(1). Crown Agents for the Colonies, London. Reference page. 

Additional references

• Dekker, A.J.F.M. 1983. A revision of the genera Penianthus Miers and Sphenocentrum Pierre (Menispermaceae) of West and Central Africa. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 53: 17–66. JSTOR Reference page. 

• Exell, A.W. & Mendonça, F.A. 1937. 4 — Menispermaceae. Pp. 32–45 in Conspectus Florae Angolensis, Vol. 1, Fasc. 1, Ranunculaceae–Malvaceae. Ministério do Ultramar, Lisboa. Online Reference page.  (as Penianthus Gossweileri)

• Troupin, G. 1951. 34. Menispermaceae. Pp. 202–255 in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, Vol. 2. Institut National pour l'Étude Agronomique du Congo Belge, Bruxelles [Brussels]. Reference page. 

• Troupin, G. 1962. Monographie des Menispermaceae africaines. 313 pp. (Mémoires in-8vo, Nouv. sér., Tome XIII, fasc. 2.) Académie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, Classe des Sciences Naturelles et Médicales, Bruxelles. PDF (20 MB) Reference page. 

• Troupin, G. & Keay, R.W.J. 1954. 12. Menispermaceae. Pp. 66–77 in Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J., Flora of West Tropical Africa, 2nd ed., Vol. 1(1). Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. Reference page. 

Links

• International Plant Names Index. 2017. Penianthus longifolius. Published online. Accessed 05 February 2017.

• GBIF

• Hassler, M. 2019. Penianthus longifolius. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (2019). In: Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi, J., Penev L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 September 07.

• Tropicos.org 2017. Penianthus longifolius. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 05 February 2017.

• African Plants Database (version 3.4.0). Penianthus longifolius. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Accessed: 05 February 2017.