Heliocarpus americanus

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malvales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Malvales

Familia: Malvaceae
Subfamilia: Grewioideae
Genus: Heliocarpus
Species: Heliocarpus americanus

Name

Heliocarpus americanus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 448. 1753. (as americana)

Synonymy

  • Homotypic
    • Heliocarpus americanus var. typicus K.Schum., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 12(3): 141(–142). 1886, nom. inval. (as var. α. typica)
  • Heterotypic
    • Heliocarpus popayanensis Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5(23): 341. 1821 [1823]. – Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 5(23): 265(–266). 1821 [1823].
    • Heliocarpus tomentosus Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 225(–226). 1858.
    • Heliocarpus trichopodus Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 226(–227). 1858.
    • Heliocarpus americanus var. popayanensis (Kunth) K.Schum., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 12(3): 142. 1886.
    • Heliocarpus americanus var. schumannii Baker f., J. Bot. 36(4): 131(–132). 1898. (as var. Schumanni)
    • Heliocarpus popayanensis var. purdiei Baker f., J. Bot. 36(4): 132. 1898. (as var. Purdiei)
    • Heliocarpus popayanensis var. trichopodus (Turcz.) Baker f., J. Bot. 36(4): 132. 1898. (as var. trichopoda)
    • Heliocarpus donnellsmithii Rose in Donn.Sm., Bot. Gaz. 31(2): 110, t. 1. 1901. (as Heliocarpus Donnellsmithii)
    • Heliocarpus caeciliae Loes., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(322–324): 227. 1913. (as Heliocarpus Caeciliae)
    • Heliocarpus popayanensis var. grandifolius Hochr., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18–19: 116. 1914.
    • Heliocarpus diclinus Hochr., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18–19: 117(–118). 1914.
    • Heliocarpus boliviensis Hochr., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18–19: 118(–119). 1914.
    • Heliocarpus rosei Hochr., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18–19: 119(–121). 1914. (as Heliocarpus Rosei)
    • Heliocarpus stipulatus Hochr., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 18–19: 121(–122). 1914.
    • Heliocarpus australis E.Watson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50(3): 124(–125). 1923.
    • Heliocarpus rudis E.Watson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50(3): 126. 1923.
    • Heliocarpus subtrilobus Sprague, J. Bot. 61(10): 257. 1923.
    • Heliocarpus horridus Lundell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66(9): 597. 1939.
    • Heliocarpus cuspidatus Lundell, Phytologia 2(1): 2. 1941.
    • Heliocarpus floribundus Lundell, Phytologia 2(1): 2(–3). 1941.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest.
  • Southern America
    • Central America
      • Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
    • Northern South America
      • Venezuela.
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
    • Brazil
      • Brazil North, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central.
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Paraguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDGW – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

  • Kunth, C.S. 1823. Tiliaceae. Pp. 334–348, tt. 487–488 in Humboldt, A., Bonpland, A. & Kunth, C.S., Nova genera et species plantarum, quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt, descripserunt, partim adumbraverunt Amat. Bonpland et Alex. de Humboldt, Tomus 5 (quarto ed.). N. Maze, Lutetiae Parisiorum [Paris]. BHL Reference page. 
  • Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus I. Pp. [I–XII], 1–560. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page. 
  • Schumann, C. 1886. Tiliaceae, Bombaceae. Cols. 117–250, tt. 25–50 in Martius, C.F.P. de (†) & Eichler, A.G. (eds.), Flora Brasiliensis. Enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas, Vol. XII, pars II. Fasc. XCVIII. Frid. Fleischer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

  • Rodríguez, A. 2015. Tiliaceae. Pp. 418–445 in Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.), Manual de plantas de Costa Rica, Vol. VIII, Dicotiledóneas (Sabiaceae–Zygophyllaceae). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 978-1-935641-12-4. Reference page. 
  • Tropicos.org 2018. Heliocarpus americanus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 07 April 2018.

Notes:

  • By some autors, Heliocarpus donnellsmithii and H. popayanensis are treated as separate species, but are included in H. americanus by Rodríguez (2015).
  • By Robyns (1964), Heliocarpus nodiflorus was included in Heliocarpus popayanensis, but is kept separate by Rodríguez (2015).
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