Synonymy

• Basionym
  • Swertia asclepiadea Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3(10): 175(–176). 1818 [1819]. – Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 3(10): 136(–137). 1818 [1819].
    • Typus: Colombia, Cundinamarca: "in frigidis montium Novo-Granatensium, juxta Santa Fe de Bogota, et in declivitate Parami de Chingasa, alt. 1400–1700 hex." [ca. 2740–3330 m]; Jul 1801; Bonpland & Humboldt s.n. (holotype: P-00307322; possible isotypes: B-W-05477-010, F-0044237F, P-00307318, P-04247463, US-00111601 [fragm. ex P]).

• Homotypic
  • Halenia asclepiadea (Kunth) Griseb., Gen. Sp. Gent.: 326. 1839 [1838], isonym.

• Heterotypic
  • Swertia quadricornis Willd. ex Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 134. 1820.
    • Typus: sine loco; Bonpland & Humboldt s.n. (holotype: B-W-05477-010; possible isotypes: see Swertia asclepiadea
  • Halenia cuatrecasasii C.K.Allen in Cuatrec., Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 5(17): 37. 1942.
    • Typus: Colombia, Cundinamarca: Cordillera Oriental, Páramo de Chocontá, alt. 2760–2830 m; 29 Jun 1940; Cuatrecasas 9657 (holotype: GH; isotypes: COL-000003977, F-0044241F, US-00111607).
  • Halenia occulta C.K.Allen in Cuatrec., Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 5(17): 37(–38). 1942.
    • Typus: Colombia, Cundinamarca: Cordillera Oriental, vertiente oriental, Páramo de Guasca, pajonales con escaso fruticetum, alt. 3200–3300 m; 2 Jun 1940; Cuatrecasas 9474 (holotype: GH-00061859; isotypes: COL-000003981, US-00111617).

Primary references

• Cuatrecasas, J. 1942. Notas a la flora de Colombia, V. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 5: 16–39, tt. I–III. PDF Reference page. 

• Don, G. 1837–1838. A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders; ...; the whole arranged according to the natural system. Vol. IV.—Corolliflorae. VIII+908 pp. J.G. and F. Rivington, et al., London. BHL Reference page. 

• Grisebach, A.H.R. 1838 ["1839"]. Genera et Species Gentianearum adjectis Observationibus Quibusdam Phytogeographicis. VIII+364 pp. Sumtibus J. G. Cottae, Stuttgartiae [Stuttgart] et Tubingae [Tübingen]. BHL Reference page. 

• Kunth, C.S. 1819. Gentianeae. Juss. Pp. 167–187, tt. 220–226 in Humboldt, A., Bonpland, A. & Kunth, C.S., Nova genera et species plantarum, quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt, descripserunt, partim adumbraverunt Amat. Bonpland et Alex. de Humboldt, Tomus 3 (quarto ed.). Sumtibus Librariae Graeco-Latino-Germanicae, Lutetiae Parisiorum [Paris]. BHL Reference page. 

• Kunth, C.S. 1819. Gentianeae. Juss. Pp. 130–146, tt. 220–226 in Humboldt, A., Bonpland, A. & Kunth, C.S., Nova genera et species plantarum, quas in peregrinatione orbis novi collegerunt, descripserunt, partim adumbraverunt Amat. Bonpland et Alex. de Humboldt, Tomus 3 (folio ed.). Sumtibus Librariae Graeco-Latino-Germanicae, Lutetiae Parisiorum [Paris]. e-rara.ch Reference page. 

• Schultes, J.A. 1820. Caroli a Linné equitis Systema Vegetabilium secundum classes ordines genera species. Cum characteribus, differentiis et synonymiis. Editio nova, speciebus inde ab editione XV. detectis aucta et locupletata. Vol. 6. LXX+852 pp., corr. Sumtibus J. G. Cottae, Stuttgardtiae [Stuttgart]. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Allen, C.K. 1933. A monograph of the American species of the genus Halenia. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 20: 119–222+. DOI: 10.2307/2394423 BHL JSTOR Reference page. 

• Macbride, J.F. 1959. Gentianaceae. In Flora of Peru. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 13(5/1): 270–363. BHL Reference page. 

Links

• International Plant Names Index. 2018. Halenia asclepiadea. Published online. Accessed 26 October 2018.

• GBIF

• Hassler, M. 2018. Halenia asclepiadea. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (2019). In: Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi, J., Penev L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 October 26.

• Tropicos.org 2018. Halenia asclepiadea. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 26 October 2018.

• Halenia asclepiadea in Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Accessed: 26 October 2018.

• Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: Halenia asclepiadea. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on internet. Accessed: 26 October 2018.

• Tropicos.org: Peru Checklist: Halenia asclepiadea. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on internet. Accessed: 26 October 2018.

For more multimedia, look at Halenia asclepiadea on Wikimedia Commons.