Synonymy

• Homotypic
  • Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb., Hort. Bengal.: 88. 1814, nom. nud.

• Heterotypic
  • Jakkia excelsa Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 62. 1825. (as Jackia excelsa)
  • Monnina excelsa (Blume) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2): 265. 1827.
  • ? Xanthophyllum eglandulosum Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 537. 1854. – Icon. Pl. Asiat. 4: t. 598, fig. 4. 1854.
  • Xanthophyllum excelsum (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 129. 1858.
  • Xanthophyllum adenopodum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 3: 393. 1861.
  • Xanthophyllum affine Korth. ex Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1(9): 271(–272). 1864.
  • Banisterodes affinis (Korth. ex Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 46. 1891, nom. illeg. (as affine)
  • Banisterodes excelsa (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 46. 1891, nom. illeg. (as excelsum)
  • Xanthophyllum sarawakense Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier 4(4): 262. 1896. (as Xanthophyllum Sarawakensis)
  • Xanthophyllum affine var. adenopodum (Miq.) Koord. & Valeton, Icon. Bogor. 1(1): 11(–13), t. 2, fig. 3. 1897.
  • Xanthophyllum affine var. genuinum Koord. & Valeton, Icon. Bogor. 1(1): 12. 1897. (as α. genuina)
  • Xanthophyllum affine var. excelsum (Blume) Koord. & Valeton, Icon. Bogor. 1(1): 13. 1897. (as β. excelsa)
  • Xanthophyllum excelsum var. affine (Miq.) Boerl., Cat. Pl. Phan. 1: 59. 1899.
  • Xanthophyllum glandulosum Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35: 34. 1905 [1906].
  • Xanthophyllum floriferum Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5(89): 1674(–1676). 1913.
  • Xanthophyllum multiramosum Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5(89): 1676. 1913.
  • Xanthophyllum obliquum Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922(8): 235(–236). 1922.
  • Xanthophyllum obliquum var. viride Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922(8): 236. 1922.
  • Xanthophyllum siamense Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922(8): 236(–237). 1922.
  • Xanthophyllum affine var. puberulum Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 105. 1925.
  • Xanthophyllum loheri Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 27: 29. 1925.
  • Xanthophyllum pallidum Ridl., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938(3): 113. 1938.

• Misapplied names
  • Xanthophyllum hainanense sensu Gagnep., Fl. Indo-Chine, Suppl. 1(2): 218. 1939. – non Xanthophyllum hainanense Hu, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 142. 1925.

Primary references

• Blume, C.L. 1825. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. 2de Stuk. Pp. 47–109. Ter Lands Drukkerij, Batavia. BHL Reference page. 

• Griffith, W. (†). 1854. Notulae ad plantas asiaticas. (Arranged by M'Clelland, J.) Part IV: Dicotyledonous plants. XLI+764 pp. Charles A. Serrao, Calcutta. BHL Reference page. 

• Kuntze, O. 1891. Revisio generum plantarum vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum. Pars I. Pp. I–CLV, 1–374. Arthur Felix, Leipzig [etc.] BHL Reference page. 

• Miquel, F.A.W. 1860–1861. Sumatra, zijne plantenwereld en hare voortbrengselen. [Flora van Nederlandsch Indië, Eerste bijvoegsel.] XXIV+656 pp., 4 tt. C. G. van der Post, Amsterdam; C. van der Post Jr., Utrecht; Fried. Fleischer, Leipzig. BHL. Reference page. 

Additional references

• Banerjee, R.N. & Balakrishnan, N.P. 1993. Xanthophyllaceae. Pp. 494–499 in Sharma, B.D. & Balakrishnan, N.P. (eds.), Flora of India, Vol. 2, Papaveraceae–Caryophyllaceae. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Reference page.  (including also X. arnottianum and X. virens)

• Chen Shukun, Ma Haiying & Parnell, J.A.N. 2008. Polygalaceae. Pp. 139–159 in Wu Zhengyi, Raven, P.H. & Hong Deyuan (eds.), Flora of China, Vol. 11, Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae. Science Press, Beijing; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3. PDF Online Reference page. 

• De Wilde, W.J.J.O. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. 2007. Polygalaceae. Pp. 219–295 in Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G., Chung, R.C.K. & Kiew, R. (eds.), Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Vol. 6. Ampang Press, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISBN 978-983-2181-89-7. Reference page. 

• De Wilde, W.J.J.O. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. 2009. Key and checklist of Xanthophyllum (Polygalaceae) of Borneo. Reinwardtia 13: 79–86. Online Reference page. 

• Pendry, C.A. 2001. Polygalaceae. Pp. 498–538 in Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.), Flora of Thailand, Vol. 7(3). The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok. Reference page. 

• Pendry, C.A. 2014. Polygalaceae. Flora of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, Fasc. 34. 63 pp., 4 pl. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Reference page. 

• Van der Meijden, R. 1982. Systematics and evolution of Xanthophyllum (Polygalaceae). (Leiden Botanical Series 7). 159 pp. E. J. Brill/Leiden University Press, Leiden, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-04-06594-6 PDF Reference page.  (as Xanthophyllum flavescens and X. affine)

• Van der Meijden, R. 1988. Polygalaceae. Pp. 455–539 in Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & De Wilde, W.J.J.O. (eds.), Flora Malesiana, Ser. I, Vol. 10(3). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. BHL Reference page.  (as Xanthophyllum flavescens and X. affine)

Links

• International Plant Names Index. 2019. Xanthophyllum flavescens. Published online. Accessed 17 February 2019.

• GBIF

• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Xanthophyllum excelsum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed on 2017-02-17.

• Hassler, M. 2019. Xanthophyllum flavescens. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (2019). In: Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi, J., Penev L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 February 17.

• Tropicos.org 2019. Xanthophyllum flavescens. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 17 February 2019.