THE
HERO IN HISTORY
A Study in Limitation
and Possibility
by
SIDNEY HOOK
Copyright, 1943, by Sidney Hook
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, must
not be reproduced in any form without permission.
Martin Seeker & Warburg Ltd.
7 John Street, London, W. C. 1
First published in England, 1945
To
Benjie and Susan
no hero-worshippers
CONTENTS
PAGE
| 9 |
| I. | 11 |
- Leadership in the Modern World.
- The Cultivation of the Hero.
- The Hero as a Child of Crisis.
- The Hero and the Philosopher of History.
- Psychological Roots of Hero-Interest.
| II. | 26 |
- Literature, Music, and Painting.
- Philosophy and Science.
- Religion.
- The Historical Hero.
| III. | 36 |
- The Character of Rulers and Historical Conditions.
- Some Striking Correlations.
- Royalty by Right of Gametes.
- Interpretations of Wood’s Findings.
| IV. | 47 |
- The Hegelian World-Spirit.
- The Common Assumptions of Determinism.
- The Spencerian Formula.
| V. | 58 |
- Empirical Elements.
- Engels and the Mysticism of Dialectics.
- Plechanov and Madame Pompadour.
- The Conflict Between Monism and Evidence.
| VI. | 75 |
- The Heritage of Social Determinism.
- Heroic Action and Historical Alternatives.
- The Hero as Puppet.
| VII. | 86 |
- Drouet’s Cart and the Fall of France.
- The Invasion of England.
- The Persian Victory at Marathon.
- Winston Churchill on Lee’s Victory at Gettysburg.
- The Fanciful “If” and Scientific “If.”
- The Hazards of Prophecy.
| VIII. | 98 |
- The Vanity of Historical Perspectives.
- The Meanings of Contingency.
- The Limits of Contingency.
- The Lost Chances of History.
| IX. | 107 |
- Defining the Hero.
- Eventful and Event-Making Personalities.
- Constantine and Jefferson.
- The Uneventful Period.
- Robespierre and Justinian.
- The Hero, the Machine, and the Social Class.
- The Illusion of Eventfulness.
- Some Eventful Women: Cleopatra, Theodora, Catherine II.
| X. | 128 |
- The Influence of the October Revolution.
- Was the October Revolution Historically Inevitable?
- Lenin as an Eventful Man or Historical Hero.
- A World Without Lenin.
- Lenin’s Political Portrait.
| XI. | 157 |
- Can a Democracy Trust Heroes?
- The Hero as a Demagogue.
- Heroes and Delegated Powers.
- The Democratic Philosophy of the Hero.
- The Critics of Democracy: Mosca, Pareto, and Michels.
| XII. | 168 |
- The Scope of Historical Laws.
- Degrees of Social Necessity.
- Responsibility and Freedom.
- The Alternatives Before Us.
| 182 |
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