The Veda I 9

the Palibothra of the Greeks, the Patna of to-day. The most important date in Hindu secular history is that of Candragupta’s grandson, the famous Buddhist Emperor Agolca or I’iyadassi, who ruled India from north to south around about 250 3.0. His edicts, cz'rrved into rock all over his great empire, show us the singular spectacle of a great ruler who used his power to propagate his religion peacefully. His inscriptions upon pillars and rocks boast not of victory or heroic: deed; they exhort his people to virtue, warn against sin, and plead for tolerance and love of humanity. This is an important date in the 5 history of India, but an even more important date : in the history of good manners. I

Unquestionably a century or two must have passed between the conclusion of the Vedic period and the beginnings of Buddhism. Buddhist literature pre- supposes Brahmanical literature and religion in a. stage of considerable advancement beyond the Vedas. We are, therefore, reasonably safe in saying that the real Vedic period was concluded about 700 13.0. We are further on safe ground in demanding a num- ber of centuries for the much stratified language, literature, and religion of the Veda. But how many? It is as easy to imagine three as thirteen or twenty- three. Only one thing is certain. Vedic ideas are very old. I have noted the fact that the concept mt,