{|

|- ! A.D. !! |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | || Rome. The Pan-slavic conference at Prague. All Germany united in a parliament at Frankfort. German unity destroyed by the King of Prussia. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1851. || The Great Exhibition of London. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1852. || Napoleon III Emperor of the French. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1854. || Perry (second expedition) landed in Japan. Nicholas I occupied the Danubian provinces of Turkey. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1854-56. || Crimean War. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1856. || Alexander II of Russia. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1857. || The Indian Mutiny. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1858. || Robert Owen died. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1859. || Franco-Austrian war. Battles of Magenta and Solferino. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1861. || Victor Emmanuel First King of Italy. Abraham Lincoln became President U.S.A. The American Civil War began. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1863. || British bombarded a Japanese town. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1864. || Maximilian became Emperor of Mexico. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1865. || Surrender of Appomattox Court House. Japan opened to the world. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1866. || Prussia and Italy attacked Austria (and the south German states in alliance with her). Battle of Sadowa. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1867. || The Emperor Maximilian shot. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1870. || Napoleon III declared war against Prussia. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1871. || Paris surrendered (January). The King of Prussia became William I, "German Emperor." The Hohenzollern Peace of Frankfort. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1875. || The "Bulgarian atrocities." |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1877. || Russo-Turkish War. Treaty of San Stefano. Queen Victoria became Empress of India. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1878. || The Treaty of Berlin. The Armed Peace of forty-six years began in western Europe. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1881. || The Battle of Majuba Hill. The Transvaal free. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1883. || Britain occupied Egypt. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1886. || Gladstone's first Irish Home Rule Bill. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1888. || Frederick II (March), William II (June), German Emperors. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1890. || Bismarck dismissed. Heligoland ceded to Germany by Lord Salisbury. |}