{|

|- ! A.D. !! |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1227. || Gregory IX Pope. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1228. || Frederick II embarked upon the Sixth Crusade, and acquired Jerusalem. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1234. || Mongols completed conquest of the Kin Empire with the help of the Sung Empire. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1239. || Frederick II excommunicated for the second time. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1240. || Mongols destroyed Kieff. Russia tributary to the Mongols. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1241. || Mongol victory at Liegnitz in Silesia. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1244. || The Egyptian Sultan recaptured Jerusalem. This led to the Seventh Crusade. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1245. || Frederick II re-excommunicated. The men of Schwyz burnt the castle of New Habsburg. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1250. || St. Louis of France ransomed. Frederick II, the last Hohenstaufen Emperor, died. German interregnum until 1273. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1251. || Mangu Khan became Great Khan. Kublai Khan governor of China. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1258. || Hulagu Khan took and destroyed Bagdad. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1260. || Kublai Khan became Great Khan. Ketboga defeated in Palestine. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1261. || The Greeks recaptured Constantinople from the Latins. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1269. || Kublai Khan sent a message of inquiry to the Pope by the older Polos. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1271. || Marco Polo started upon his travels. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1273. || Rudolf of Habsburg elected Emperor. The Swiss formed their Everlasting League. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1280. || Kublai Khan founded the Yuan Dynasty in China. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1292. || Death of Kublai Khan. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1293. || Roger Bacon, the prophet of experimental science, died. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1294. || Boniface VIII Pope (to 1303). |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1295. || Marco Polo returned to Venice. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1303. || Death of Pope Boniface VIII after the outrage of Anagni by Guillaume de Nogaret. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1305. || Clement V Pope. The papal court set up at Avignon. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1308. || Duns Scotus died. |- valign="top" | style="width: 3em;" | 1318. || Four Franciscans burnt for heresy at Marseilles. |}