*
SEPTEMBER, 1873.]
THE NALADIYAR.
nirudro devatā. [Aham eva kāla iti bijam ; nā ‘hain kāla iti Śaktih, kilakam mrityumjayo pasthäne viniyogah.]* “Athä 'to yogajihvā me madhuvâdini. Aham eva kālo ná 'ham kālasya ritain satyam ”—[ity asya mantrasya Yama rishih anushtup chandah ; Kālāgnirudro de vatā mrityumjayopasthäne viniyogah.] “ritam Satyam param brahma purusham krishnapiiigalam | tirdhvaretam virãpāksham višvarūpāya wai namah ||
267
treatises already reduced to form. Separate collections of passages of this nature natu rally formed an indispensable weapon to the polemical sectaries of the day; and, like all systematists in India, the collectors were possess
ed of the notion that the number of the Upani shads must be one of what they esteem fortunate, or as possessing mystical properties. Thus the Muktikopanishad puts the number at 108; a fa vourite number, especially in S. India, Š and which was also much used by the Buddhists. But these collections were made in different parts of
Om varavrishabhaphenakapiline paśupataye namo namah [varavrishabhaphenakapālāya paśupataye svāhā' om aum !hrim Śrīm') iti smrite [yadi smri'] mrityulāńgale, brahmahā
India, and it would not be everywhere easy to make up any number of real Upanishads; thus
'brahmahā bhavati; abrahmachári subrahma
would be included to make the number of the
châri bhavati gurudāragāmi agāmi bhavati [suvarnasteyi asteyi bhavati); surāpāyī apāyī bhavati.f Ekavārena japtvå ashtottarasahasra lakshagayatrijapaphalāni bhavanti; ashlau brāh manān gråhayitvá brahmalokam avāpnoti.
collection perfect, and different collections would vary much in the separate tracts they included. It does not appear that in any part of India the Upanishads are reckoned at a higher number than 108, but at present there are about 170|| separate works recognised as Upanishads in all India. Colebrooke (Essays, I. p. 91) put the
Yadi kasyacha na brûyāt, khitri kuthi: kunakhi bhavati. Yamanena grihniyād andho bhavati; shadbhir misaih pramiyate, 'mantro naśyati
spurious ones, or even favourite devotional tracts,
number of them at 52, which seems to be a
ity aha Mahádero Vasishthah.
Benares calculation.
It is not difficult to explain how this magical formula (as well as the Garuda Upanishad) came to be included in the list of Upanishads. At the fall of Buddhism the Upanishad doc trine or mystical teachings of the older Vedic schools became of great importance to the
The name mrityuláñgala is puzzling. It can not possibly be translated “halitus mortis,” as Anquetil has done, probably having mistaken the same. What, however, it is really intended to mean is difficult to say. Ulukhaláñgala can
new sects which then
existence.
only have one meaning, and mrityulāńgala is
Some of these Upanishads no doubt existed separately; others were contained in Vedic
perhaps also obscene; the Tantric tracts are
came into
one Persian word for another which looks much
full of such allusions.
THE NALADIYAR. BY THE REV. F. J. LEEPER, TRANQUEBAR. (Continued from page 218.)
CHAPTER 8.-Patience. 1. Good lord of the cool hills festooned with
springs! speak not at all with a fool. If a fool speak, he will speak only to injure you. To slip away from him, and to avoid him by any means in your power, is good. 2. When inferiors speak improper words, the patient hearing these words
is patience indeed. The earth, surrounded with
- The passages in brackets show the variations or addi
tions of the longer recension.
+ I am from this compelled to follow No. 7210 alone, as
the Grantha M.S. is so broken as to be useless. i Svitri kushthi (?)
§ The Upanishads in S. India are always said to be 108,
swelling waves, will not regard impatient be haviour as praisevºorthy, but baseness only.
3. Will the hard words uttered (in reproof) by friends be more evil than the sweet words of strangers speaking with joy, O lord of the cool shore of the mighty ocean, where the beau tiful winged insects turn over all the flowers, if they get men who understand the consequence but the Telugu and Tamil Brāhmans differ in the selec
tion. It is always said that there are 108 Siva temples in S. India, and this number is met with repeatedly.
| Prof. Max Müller (Z. d. d. M. G. XIX. pp. 137 ff.) mentions 149 : to these (in my Catalogue, pp. 59 ft.) I added 5, and Dr. Haug (Brahma wnd die Brahmanen) 16.