SEPTEMBER, 1873.]

LASSEN

263

ON THE JAINS.

this it is also to be added that numerous Jaina.

this district we find this sect still flourishing at the end of the tenth century.|| In the south ernmost district, that of the Pâ n dy a s, this

pilgrims from distant Indian countries, e.g. from Lower Rājasthān, wander to G a y á and to other holy localities of South Bihār.”

religion, which succeeded that of Sãky as iii

So far as the successors of the last Jina are

ha, likewise found entrance, and the ruler of

concerned, B h a drab a hu, the author of the

that country, Kun a På I, dya, who is proba bly to be placed in the ninth century, was at

Kalpasiltra, has given a list of twenty-seven of them with reference to their descent, together with the years in which they followed after Mahā vira and his successors.t. As the last of these successors is said to have followed

in the year 993 as a propagator of the Jaina religion, it is self-evident that, although the names may be correct, the chronological data of this list are worthless.

Here it must not be over

looked that the last chronological data occur only in one manuscript. I suspect that the author of the Kalpasſifra, after pushing the time of Var dhamāna into too remote an antiquity, has united with each other several lists of contemporane ous chiefs of the Jaina doctrine, so as to present

contemporaneous spiritual representatives of this sect as successors.

Now I pass to the comparison of the data concerning the propagation of the Jaina doctrine from Magadha to the other parts of India. It appears very influential during the reign of the

Chālukya monarch Pulake Ši, who govern ed a great portion of the Dakhan: from about 485 till 510.

From the circumstance that,

according to the testimony of Hiwen Thsang, Buddhism had formerly flourished much in

July a or Chola, but had in his time entirely disappeared from the country, as well as from the fact that the Jainas, according to incontrovertible testimonies, conquered the Buddhists in this country $, I have al

ready drawn the conclusion that the Jainas had been very powerful in this part of the Dakhan towards the end of the sixth century. In

• Buchanan Hamilton, Trans. of the R. As. Soc. vol. III.

p. 552.

+ P. 100 se it. The first is Sudharm a ; after the

first inclined towards it, but afterwards went

over to Saivaism."

On the Malabar coast the

princelings in Tulu va, the principal of whom resided in Ikeri, who were descended from Jaina women, and were formerly dependants of the dynasty of Vijay an a gara, greatly loved the doctrines of the Jainus.*

In Gujarat, which is more to the north, the Jaina religion enjoyed the protection of the

powerful Valabhi monarch Silāditya, who ruled his extensive realm with a firm hand, from about 545 till 595, although he did not, as

has been asserted, belong to this sect himself.t Of the Y a da v as who reigned in the peninsula of Gujarat during the last moiety of the twelfth century, one, M and ika, was most probably an adherent of the Jainas, because in the inscription relating to this dynasty he is said to have wor shipped Nemi, the 22nd Jina. This doctrine was especially promoted and protected by the family of the Chāl ukyas which reigned in Chan draw a ti, on the western slope of the Arbu d a mountains, under the supremacy of the V a g he la dynasty. § In this respect T e jap a la and his brother V a stup à la par ticularly distinguished themselves. On this mountain they built temples, planted groves and trees, and dug tanks on the roads, in the villages and towns. The tem ples were consecrated by these two pious brothers themselves. The temple which was completed in the month Phálguna deserves special mention. In it statues of the ancestors brated Tamil teacher and author Tir u v all a ver was a

cºntemporary of this prince, although tradition makes il so.

8th M a hå giri, the predecessor of B a lis à l'a, the first of the second list, and the Su has ti who was his contem

• See Ind. Alt. IV. p. 180, and Francis Buchanan, A

Journey from Madras, &c. III. p. 8, p. 668, p. 74, p. 78 seqq.

porary, a double list follows; the first terminates with four

&c. The dynasty of Vijay a nagar a reigned from about

founders of sikh is or sects of Jainus, which are called

1336 till 1561.

Nágila, Pad mila, Jay a n ta, and T & p as a ; the second with Kish a m as v & m in.

ſt See Ind. Alt. IV. 97, 98. § See Ind. Alt. IV. 127, and on the names and site of this country p. 231 and also note 3. | See Ind. Alt. IV. p. 246.

+ See Ind. Alt. III. p. 515 seqq.

I See Ind. Alt. III. p. 570. § See Ind. Alt. III. p. 574, with note 3, where the names of the members of this family are given. According

to Ind. Alt. III. p. 577, the Baghel as reigned from 1178 till 1297. | Wilson's Sanskrit Inscriptions at Abu, in As. Res.

• See Ind. Alt. IV. 239, and Wilson's remarks on the

time of this king in Historical Sketch of the Kingdom of Pandya in T. of the R. As. S. III. p. 218. According to

XVI. p. 308. This is inscription xviii. 2 seqq. The month Phälgun answers to the last moiety of February and the

Ind. Alt. IV. p. 237, note 2, it is dubious whether the cele

first of March.