July, 1873.]

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195

THE JAINS.

to appreciate the data in the Satruñjaya Māhāt

bhi king Si là dity a ; he is called “the

propounds about K a l k in , the 10th future incarnation of V is h n u, which indeed is already mentioned in the Mahābhārata, but the development thereof pertains to the much later period of the PurúnasŠ. Of this avatára the following circumstances are reported:—On account of the preponderance of the Duhshamá,

moon of the lunar race :” he instructed this ruler

i.e. the evil age, after the death of the entirely

of the town of V all a bhi in the purifying Jina doctrine, and induced him to expel the Bauddhas from the country, and to establish a

unknown B h a vada, the power of the Mud galas will forcibly, like a current of the ocean, inundate the earth and seize it; cows, corn, riches, children, women, men of low, middle, and high place in Saur à s h tra, Là ta, and other countries, will be taken away by the Mu d g a la s. They will assemble the castes pursuing their usual occupations, and will ar rive in the country distributing great riches. As a foreign nation is evidently meant here, I do not hesitate to put Dh a n e $v a ra's

mya, on this point, first of all, the time of the composition of the book, and its credibility, have to be subjected to examination. Its author, Dh a n e S v ar a , is represented as a contemporary and teacher of the V all a

number of Chaityas near the Tirthas. Silā d it y a lived in the 477th year of Vikra marka, purified the law and reigned till 286.” In this passage it is incorrect to say that he expelled the Bauddhas, since it is certain that he was a very zealous adherent

of the religion of Śāky as if h a ; he cannot in any case have persecuted the Buddhists, although there is nothing to oppose the supposi tion that many Jainas lived also in his kingdom, and that they were protected by him. If fur ther, as is proper, the epoch of Vikram fi d it y a be taken as a basis, he would have reigned as early as 420, which is contradictory of the age of the reign of this monarch obtained from inscriptions. Calculated according to the

era of Šá livāh an a his reign falls about 555, which is nearer the mark.

The time of the composition of the book in

question is rendered still more uncertain by the last and prophetical portion of it. King Kum a rap a la can scarcely have been other than the Châlukya who was the pro

statements about K a l k in also into this cate

gory. He will be born 1914 years after the death of Vira as the son of a Mlechha, and will bear the three names Kalkin,

Chatu rvak tra,

and Rudra,_this latter must be the proper read ing for Rud va. He will destroy the temples of Mu şal in or Bala răm a and Krish na in M at hur à , and many disasters will happen in the country. After the lapse of 36 years Kalkin will become king and dig up the golden stilpas of King Nanda; in order to obtain treasures he will cause the whole to be

dug through. On this occasion there will,

tector of the well-known Hem a ch a n dra

according to the tale, appear a cow of stone, named Lagnadevi, whereon many inhabitants will leave the town. Then the angry Kal

and of the Jainas in general, and who began his reign in the year 1144t The Västupala

kin will persecute the Jainas, but will be prevented by the tutelary goddess from doing

mentioned at the same time with this monarch

mischief.

belongs to a race zealously addicted to the Jaſna doctrine —the Châlukyas at Chan drāvati, who administered that province in the 12th century as vassals and prime

compel him, with many believers and unbelievers, to abandon Pātaliputra, which town he will rebuild by the aid of N and a 's treasures, and in which prosperity will prevail for 50 years. Towards the end of his dominion he

ministers.;

Further, the later composition of the book

of Dhane Švara is confirmed by the idea he

• Satruñjayamóhátmya XIV., v. 281 seqq. p. 109. The

number 286 here is either a misprint or a useless state

An inundation of 17 days will

will become wicked and cause the Jainas to be persecuted by heretics. Then Sakra or

§ Satrunjayamóhátmya XIV. v. 165167, p. 98, and v. 29i seqq. p. 110. See Ind. Alt. IV. p. 561 seqq.

ment. According to Ind. Alt. III, p. 1119 this Silāditya reigned from the year 545 till 595. XIV. v. 287 109. f Jayamahatmya,

• See

Ind.seqq. Alt. p. III. p. 567, and Satruñjayamjhātmya.

3. See Ind. Alt. III. p. 574. p i. 1 +.

The name is spelt W as tu. -

|| Mudgala as a proper name in Sanskrit is the son of the old Indian king Harya Šva and the ancestor of a race; a Muni, whose spouse was called In dras en à according to the Sabdakalpad ruma, under the word. That the Mongols can scarcely be meant by this name has been shown by Weber, p. 41, note 3,