MAY, 1873.]

147

HINDU WORDS IN GREEK.

as āpušov, 3ptſa for vrihi, Terrept piper for pip

(śrīāgavera)-(cyyámpt, surd—(£oyxo)-oroupa, sulcári

palſ, vapºos in: for malada, or through Phoenicio

(Šulcári)—sulphur.

Babylonian” commercial intercourse, as agaru nºis,

Among geographical names the following oc

nºis —dya)oxov, kopi–Riº kmºros,+ karpſisa—tº Kapiraoros, kumkuma–Einº curcuma kpokos, madd ra (?)—uaðexkov Hºhn Bºtov.f Marakata—nº

curf} :— * adhisattra (Ahichhattra P)—A8etoraćpos, Anwrādhagrima–Avoupolypapºptov, * and homati—Av ðaparts, Andhra – Andarae, *Andhrasſmanta–Av ôpartuouvêov, All isºrd- A3torapms, -arorapets (Bºgora peow P), Abhira-A3mpta, Ambaſtha Ambashtha – Ap.3arat Außaorrat, Ašinaka –A smagi, Ašvaka– Acrorakm wou, Asikni-Akégivisiſ, *asta (West) Aorta

guapayºos we may assume was probably borrowed earlier from the Semitic : $ in the case of kalama —ka)apuos (borrowed in Arabic els) ‘halm,’ and in Šama—kava 30s, ‘hemp,' on account of the trans position of sound, perhaps a cognate origin dating from Indo-Germanic times, may be assumed.| In this place, however, only those words will suit our purpose the Indian origin whereof—and we shall have to take up many Prākrit forms of them —is either quite, or at least approximately, as certained, whilst numerous other names and words,

with which such is not the case," must be ex cluded.

Firstly, articles of commerce, or rather mineral, vegetable, and animal substances, and of daily

life in general, belong to the following class of words*:—

upala—dira)tos; kapphºra (? karpºra)—kauºpopa, kushthal—koorros costus, *kaduaphala (katukaphala) —kapuoq,w}ov, *kałubhūri-karrugovpum, *khinna vári-cinnabari: graha—ypaat; chandana—Tſavöava oravra)ov ; tam/flapattra-pa) affaëpov, tila–Taxa, deca—öevos (Öevvos, Baori Aevs), nºiríkela—dpyeXta (? vapyeXta), *nila—viXov; * pattrapſipikā-Tarpo Tamlyn, bhātāri-Bovtupov (asafoetida), mushka– poorxos ; veluriya—37Nvppos, BmpvXos, sakkhara (? §arkard)—arakxapt oraxxapov, * saguna—sacon sacondion sagenon, saphena—sapenas, sing avera

• Of those Minayoff alone has discovered lately the

first direct trace, namely, in the Baverujitakam (Ját. IV., 34, 9 no. 334) according to the Comm. of Budd h a g h osa. (5th cent. A. D.) It contains a legendary report of repeated

voyages of Indian merchants to B a verti (Babiru of the

kapıTpov.

• Ikshumat?–’Ośnuatus, SS Irºvati—Yaports 'Pova

6ts Yöpaorms, Indºpaſha Indraprastha-Ivöağapa Ivöarpaëat, irina –Epwov. Ujjent –'Ognum, Uttara kuru-Orropokojas, Uraši-Očapora. ſºikshavant —Ośćevros, Audumbara—Odomboerae. Katha-Kadata, Kºtºakujjai (Kanyaik ºbjd)—Kavo yºn, Kapishthalt-Kapı3torðoxot, Kim manisti (Kar manſistſ)—Kouuevagns, Kalinga-Ka}tyyat Calingae, Kalyſini–Ka}teva, Kašníra –Kaarſtelpatow, *Kasya papura-Kao Tarſupos (Ka8oupa), Kºkutth? (Ki kutsth?)—Kakov6ts, Kºtter?—Xašmpts, Kisſ- Kaor orvåa, Kirdfa–Kippabat, Kulihai-Koſhnu, Kundr?— Kopapua, Kulinda-KvXtvöplvm, Kºrkhi –Koxxot, Ke kaya–Knkeou, *kokandga–Kukkovayat, *kokanagara –Kokkovayapa, Katum ira—Kaupapa, Kosaml? (Kau

&imbi)—Koorap 3a, Kolºl,ha (Kºtuluba F)—Colubae, kshattra–Eatºpai, Kshudraka–Eoëpakai (Evē-) 'Ośvāpakat. Khatriya (kshatriya)—Xarpuatov. Gañg 1–Tayyms, Gaº Jakavaſ?-Kovéoxarms, Gan dhára-Tavčapot, Goºla-Tověaot, gaur? (?) Tapot as, grºma-ypapua ypapºpov, * Glauca –Glausae, Glauchukiyamaka–TXavkavukat.

Chandila–Kavşa)ot,

Chandrabhāgā Savópa

§ Ind. Skizzen, p. 88. | Differently in W. Hohn, Cultirated plants and domes tic animals, p. 121. (Berlin, 1870.) The use of hemp in the preparation of intoxicating liquors (ibid., p. 431) as cends probably to the Aryan period, partly because bhajina.

Old Persian cuneiform writing º where they brought,

is used in the Rik. IX. 61, 13, as an epithet of the intox

on the second occasion, the first peacock for sale.

icating soma, and partly because Indian lexicographers use bha ſigó to denote hemp and beverages of that king repared from it. Comp. also ) end. IX. 138, Yeshi

See Mº

langes Asiatiques of the Imp. Russ. Academy, Vol. VI. 1871, p. 557 seqq. It is mentioned also in the Bible that among other things the Phoenicians in Solomon's time brought also peacocks from Ophir (Abhira). (Here I may

incidentally observe that I do not think ºn is connected with Šikhin, because the latter word can scarcely have meant a peacock at the time here intended. Also the word togei, supposed to be Malabarian, which has been enlisted for this connection, can scarcely have originated from

Sikhin, rather perhaps some

Dakhani word, which in

that case might very well be the root of the Hebrew word). The form B4 reru, with r instead of l, here of course militates against a Phoenician, but rather for a later Persian medi ation in the legend; otherwise the final w here, as well as in the Báb i r u of the cuneiform writing, is probably a remnant of the Semitic nominative sign.

+ This word, curiously enough, occurs in the form kafu

(XIV. 26.

• Although their Indian descent and signification have

been handed down to us, e.g. of margarita, trapp aga, koty m ba (perhaps kutupa, boat or little bag for keeping

fluids #) KoMavówoºpovra, orayyapa, brech ma (abortion; comp. bhrāmahan 2), dram as a (dhruva P) kapiſtov, 6t kalpos, and many others.

• I mark with a star the words the signification, or ra

ther use, of which cannot be exactly pointed out, although they are possibly current. I do not put any marks to the Prākrit forms drawn from Sanskrit words actually occur

ring in the respective meanings, but I enclose the latter words in parentheses. . . I add, moreover, a few words which occur only in a Latin form, e. g. sulphur, &c. ++ The readings in Arrian, &c., vary much in the MSS.; I mostly adhere to those adopted by Lassen, since also the

certainly, as early as the hieroglyphs of the 17th cent. | production itself of the corresponding Indian Conf. Joh. Dümichen, The fleet of an Elyptian queen of usually based on the precedent of Lassen.

the 17th century, Leipzig, 1868, Plates II, and XIV. f The l of the words for agaru and madóra (?) bears

names is

I See Roth, Lit, u. Gesch. des Weda, p. 139.

§§ Also (like ’Akeorums) purposely an echo of Greek

witness to their transmission through Semites, not across

words : *d. inf. the words marked $$.

Persia.-Hereto belongs also the name Ophir (Abhira) itself, which of course does not occur in Greek.

Tow8a)ot is to be read for it. | ?? See Lassen I. 820; according to ibid. III. 175.