144

I.

THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.

GREEK NAMES AND WORDS AMONG HINDUS.

First of all I mention the names of the Graeco

Bactrian kings contained in the above-mentioned coin-legends deciphered by Prinsep, Las sen, Raoul Roche t t e , Wils on, Tho

m a.s., Cunning ham, Dow son, Rajen dral à la Mitra and others, in connection with

whatever else may here be available bearing on historical personages, &c., from contemporaneous documents, i.e. the inscriptions of Piy a da si and those from the period of the Indo-Skythian kings.”

Here it is to be kept in mind that the language of the documents in question is a kind of Pāli, or rather Prākrit, and that therefore its words

[MAY, 1873.

Antikona, Antiyoka, Dianisiyasa – Atovvatov, Di gamedasa-Atopumbov, Johilasa – Zoºlov, Heliyakle gasa, Hipastratasa, Kaliyapaya, Nikiasa–Nukuov, daisisasa (? of the month 8atorios.) o appears as o in Antiyoka, Antikona ; –as u in Turamaya – IIroMepatos in the inscriptions of Piyadasi; Agathuklayasa;-in the rule above as aft, thus Apaladatasa, Dianisiyasa, Diyamedasa, Hipa stratasa, Hiliyakleyasa, Kaliyapaya, Pilashinasa. v is rendered by i, as Lisiasa–Avortov,Amitasa, Dianisiyasa. m appears throughout as e, as in Heliykaleyasaš, Diyamedasa, Teliphasa, stratega. w is transcribed by o in Johilasa,—by d in Ati midārasa.

are influenced by the peculiar phonetic laws of this stage of the language, which, among other things, does not admit of ai, au, and, as a rule, of no group of consonants which does not consist of

homogeneous consonants. Also the terminations

at appears as ai (?) in daisisasa (facsimile want ed); ato as aya in Turamaya, Hermayasa, as ae in apiraesa (? facsimile wanted). ao appears as o in Yond|| of Piyadasi, eo as ava in Patalavatasa.

of the names, mostly standing in the genitive form, were obliged to conform to the Indian de-" clension, whereby they underwent many changes and degradations.

Initial a usually remains unchanged, thus:– Alikasunari (? Aeśavěpos), Antikona and Antiyoka

in the inscriptions of Piyadasi, Akhabiyasa— Apxeštov, Agathuklayasa–Ayaôoxeous, Ayasa— Aſovt, Ayilishasa —A(t)torout, Alimakhasa-Avri Piaxov, Atimiddrasa–Apripuðopov, Antialikidasa— Avruaxxubov, Apaladatasa—Amoxoôºrov, Amitasa— Auvvrov, artamisiyasa (of the month dprepugios), apiraesa (? of direAAatos). In the same manner a medial a remains so, as, besides in the above, also in Maga in the in scriptions of Piyadasi, in Epadrasa—Emavópov,

Eukratidasa-Evkparičov, Hipastratasa—'Imtroorpa

av is represented by á or rather o in Māasa or

Moasa (and even as Mogasa)—Mavov, evey e-u in E-ukratidasa.

With reference to the consonants, there is to be noted the representation of { by j in Johilasa, by y in Ayasa, Ayilisasa, § by sh in Pilashinasa, by ts (?) in tsattika, 6 by th in Agathuklayasa, q by p in Pilishinasa, by ph in Teliphasa, x by k in Antiyoka, by kh in Akhabiyasa, Ati makhasa,—the groups k,, kp, arp, or, orn, are preserved in Heliyakleyasa, Agathuklayasa, Eukratidasa, Stratasa, stratega, artamisiya, Spalirisasa;-Ak is represented by lik in Antia

likidasa;-vis now and then omitted (probably only graphically, by omission of the hook over it) be

tov, Kaliyapaya—KaNNuorms, Menadrasa, Minam

fore r, 8, as Atimakhasa,

dºsa–Mevavópov, Patalavatasa—IIavraxeovros, Spa lirisasa–Smaptorovt, Stratasa—Srparavos, stratega

initial mºr only the r remains in Turamaya;-3,

—arparmyos, panemasa (of the month tavenos) tsat tikasa (? of £avówkos). e appears as e in Hermayasa—"Epuatov, Heli

dasa. Hardening is perceptible in Antikona, Maka (nearly Maga),—substitution of r for l in Tura

!/akleyasa–Htoxeov,

Menadrasa,

panemasa;

Menadrasa ; –of the

was pronounced as di, thus Dianisiyasa, Diyame

maya, apraesa.

Let us now turn to the words which may be

—as i in Artimidirasa, apiraesa, Mſimandasa.

pointed out in Hindu Literature.

Pilashinasa—piočevov, Tcliphasa,—TeXeqov;—as

adduced above, the only one that can certainly be

a in Agathuklayasa, Akhabiyasa, arianisiyasa. t is always represented by i, thus Ajilishasa,

form Mil in dia,-namely in the Páli - texts of

• To these especially pertain the Macedonian names of

months, for the discovery whereof upon them we are indebt ed to Cunningham and Dowson. In the inscription of Takhti Bahí lately discovered by Dr. Leitner, the reckoning is, according to Dowson's decipherment, in Indian months. See Trübner's Amer. and Oriental Record, June 1871, p. 188. a Skythian name this strictly belongs further on, to

t*

p. 148.

f Accordingly, in this portion of India at least, the In dian ſº itself had an obscured pronunciation nearly allied to o. With this circumstance it agrees that Pán ini, who

Of the names

shown in it is that of Men a n der, but in the

quence whereof he sets up u, and not a, as the standard for

the (quantitative relations of the) other vowels. Stud. IV. 119, W. 92.

See Ind.

In other parts of India the matter

probably stood differently: see below, pp.148, 149. § Although the Greek legend itself appears once ou a coin as IAto-: (see Thomas, Catalogue of Bactrian Coins, London, 1855, p. 14;) the same has no Indian legend. | The name Yona, or rather Yavana, for Iaoves,

was precisely of this district, actually mentions a double

was however known to the Hindus at any rate before the time of Alexander, i.e. during the earlier Persian wars, in which also Indians took part as auxiliaries against the Greeks; on the name itself see my remark in Kund's Zeit

pronunciation of a, one open and the other close, in conse

schrift, W. 221.