134

THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.

[May, 1873.

PAPERS ON SATRUNJAYA AND THE JAINS.

BY THE EDITOR. II.-The Tirthankaras or Jinas. Continued from page 17.

The Jaina Tirth a fi kar as or A rh ant as

only twelve yöjanas from the site of Moksha or

—images of one or more of whom figure in every temple—are twenty-four in number, each

final liberation. His next birth was as Wrish a b h a the Tirth a n kara, the son of N a bhi

by Maru Devi, king and queen of Saket a .

having his separate chinha or cognizance, usu n a g ar. His incarnation was announced by the

ally placed under the image, and many of them. distinguished by the colour of their complexion,

fall, morning and evening for six months, of three hundred and fifty millions of precious stones.

—sixteen being yellow, two red, two white, two blue, and two black. In the temples, however,

The goddesses Sri, Kri, Dhriti, Kirtti,

the images are generally of white marble, with eyes made of silver and overlaid with pieces of glass. The following is a list of these saints, with

the principal particulars

related

of

each :-

1.

RISHABHANATHA or

Åoisiris,

Bud hi, and Lakshmi, were sent by D even dra to wait on Maru de vi, during her preg nancy, and feed her with the food of the Kalpa, or all-bestowing tree of heaven, and at his birth, D even dra and all the inhabitants of every di vision of the universe came to render homage. D even dra bathed the child with the contents

called also

of the tree of milk, and gave him the name of

N à b heya, Yug a di Śa, Yug a dijina, R is habha Deva, Kau şalika, A diš

Wr is h a b ha.” +

mendicant, he was born as a teacher of that faith

He is represented as of yellow or golden com plexion; has the bull (Vrisha) for his chinha or cognizance, Chakre Švari for his Šāsana devi. According to the commentator of the Kalpa Sūtra, he was born at Kóšala or Ayö dhyā, towards the end of the third age. He was the first king (Prathama Rājā), first an choret (Prathama Bhikshākara), and first saint (Prathama Jina and Prathama Tirthankara). His stature, it is pretended, was 500 poles (dhanush); and when he was inaugurated king his age was 2,000,000 great years (purva varsha). He reigned 6,300,000 years; and then resigning the empire to his sons he withdrew to a state of abstract purity: and having spent 100,000 years more in passing through the various stages of austerity and sanctity, he attained nirvâna on a mountain named Ash a pada, according to

named Arya. From thence he returned to the second heaven as Sway a m prabh a de va,

say on Satruijaya, 3 years 8} months before the

vāra, and V r is h a b h a Sen a , of the race of Iksh w a ku, was the son of N a b hi by

Maru-devi. In the Adi Puring, a Jaina compilation ascribed to Jin a sena Achſārya, who is said to have lived in the reign of Wi kramāditya, but who was probably much later, Gautama the disciple of Mahā vira relates to Sreni ka the king, the birth and actions of Vrish a bha. According to this authority, “Wrish a b ha was first born as Mahāb a la Ch a kr a v ar t t i ; be

ing instructed in the Jaina doctrines, he was next born in the second heaven as Lalită ng a Dev a. He was next born as Vajrajang ha, son of Wa jrab a hu, king of Ut p a la K at a , a city on the S it odá, one of the rivers of Mah fi m eru.

Having in this existence given food to a Jaina

and was again born a prince, the son of the Rāja of S a sin'im a hån a gara, by the name of Su v e di. He again became a divinity as Achyu ten dra, presiding over the 16th Swarga or heaven. He was then born as Vajr a nã bhi, son of Vajr as en a , king of Pun d a rikini nagar a ; having obtained great purity, he was

Hemächandra the same as Kailāsa, others

end of the third age. Besides his children by other wives, Rishabha had twins by each of his wives Suman galā and Sun and ā,-by the former a son B har at a the first Chakravartfit

—and a daughter Brâ h m i ; by the latter a second son

B a hub ali, and

Sun dari a

born as Sar v art has idd h i De va, in a part

daughter. The saint had altogether a hundred

of the upper world above the 16th heaven, and

children, for whose instruction he invented all

• Wilson, Mackenzie Coll. Vol. I. pp. 144, 145.

+ Satruñjaya Māhātmya, I. 60. The twelve Chakra varttis are: Bharata Arshabhi; Maghavan, son of Wijaya;

—the 16th, 17th, and 18th Jinas; Sagara, the son of Sumitra; Subhūma called Kārtavirya; Padma, son of Pad móttara; Harishena of Hari; Jaya of Vijaya; and Brah

Sanatkumâra, son of Ašvašena; Šânti, Kunthu, and Ara,

brooke, Essays, Vol. II. 217; Asiat. Res., Vol. IX. p. 315.

madatta of Brahme;—all of the race of Ikshwāku.—Cole