THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
114
new names given in the subsequent revision possessed the same property as the old, namely, that of severally indicating the number of
the year and the order of the month by virtue of their numerical power. The nota tion, however, subsequently used was, as I learn from Colonel Kirkpatrick, different from the
Ubjud. It has been called" < | Ubtus, an unmeaning word formed by a combination of the first four letters of the Persian alphabet. By the Sultan himself, however, it was called JS
(Zur) The notation is this—
a .32 . ~I
º:
> 33: $
C. § 3 S 3 + = * * * * ! Cº. tº K-1 c - - ‘C
- 3 3
OC - I cº ºr
- 1 & 5
H- © tº -
-ā ā a B.
k
- # 33 # # 5 § 3 ; ; g
The difference between the two schemes con /
sists in this; in the Uljud the numerical powers of the lettersdepend on their orderin the arbitrary
[APRIL, 1873.
and lunar years accord, seven returns of the in tercalary or supplementary month are required in the course of nineteen years. Now from the 36th to the 53rd of the cycle (both inclusive) is a period of nineteen years, in the course of which seven leap-years occur, viz. five which are clearly ascertained, and two which have been assumed. But, notwithstanding this apparent conformity, the two reckonings do not coincide
when, according to this rule, they might be expected to do so. The reason of this discre pancy no doubt is that though the months esta blished by Tipſ were ordinarily called lunar, they were not strictly so; six of the twelve months of the year consisted of thirty and the other of twenty-nine days each. And there fore the common year of 354 was neither lunar nor solar.”
I am sorry I am not able to give the entire list of the years composing the cycle. The following list however contains the names of the seventeen years over which Tipú's adminis
verse referred to; whereas in the Ubtus or Zur tration extended; and these are all that I am
they depend on the order of the letters in the alphabet. The eleventh and twelfth months are indicated here again, as in the former scheme, by the first two letters of their respective names, ra being ré + al{f = 10 + 1 = 11, and rub
able to collect from the work referred to. Year
Natne in
Name in
of the
the first
the second
Cycle.
scheme.
scheme.
Corresponding
ºorrespon
year of Hindu cycle.
ding with A. D.
ré + b{ = 10 + 2 = 12.
36 Jebāl ... Rubbāz . Sübhakritº...1782-83
There were also intercalary or supplementary months, called by the Sultan (92.3) záyad, a d hika in Sanskrit. As I have not met with any clue to the principle on which this was arranged, I satisfy myself with the bare proof of
38 Uzl ...... 39 Julo ... 40 | Dullo ... 41 Má ..... 42 | Kubk ...]
its existence.
37 Zūky ... Sukh ... Sóbhakrità...|1783-84
Shā...... Plavanga ...|1787-88 Sarā
... Kilaka......... 1788-89
43 Jum..... Surāb ... Saumya ...... 1789-90
A letter to Kāmrūddin Khān is
44 Jäm
dated 28th Extra-Ahmedy, corresponding with
the 14th of April 1785 A. D., and another letter addressed to Bürhantiddin on the 23rd
April of the same year is dated 8th Regular Ahmedy. This instance serves as a proof of the existence of the intercalary month, and war rants the inference that this month always pre ceded the regular month—for what reason does not appear. I come next to the year. The mode of cal
culating years is by cycles of 60, as it is with Hindús and with all the peoples of Southern India except the Muhammadans. The number of days is 354. Colonel Kirkpatrick says– “It is a known rule that to make the solar A.
Sukhâ...] Krödhi ......|1784-85 Duráz... Viśvāvasu ...|| 785-86 Busd ... Parabhava ...|1786-87
... Sheta ... Sādhārana ...|1790-91
45 Adam.../uburjudViródhakkrità1791-92 46 Wuly ... Sehr ... Paridhávi ... 1792-93 47 Wåly ... Sāhir ... Pramādīcha .1793-94 48
Kaukub. Rāsikh... Ananda ......|1794-95
49
Kuwäkib Shād ... Råkshasa ...[1795-96
50 | Yum ... Hiraset . Nala ......... 5 l l I)uwäm. Sâz ......
1796-97
Pingala ...... 1797-98 Kālayſikti .. ..]1798-99
52 || Humd...] Shādāb . 53 Hämid.. Bārīsh . . Siddhārti
..] 1799,
The remarks regarding the meaning of the names of the months apply also to those of the
years. They have, as before, the property of in dicating the order by their initial letters. For, taking any name at random, say reſ (Adam) the order of it would be according to the Ubjud
- The Persian letter + being excluded from this scheme as well as from the Ubjud, the Persian letters –3 &
J are in like manner omitted in both.
and