70

THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.

verted order is provided for, and no new rule is necessary. How it is so, Patanjali tells us as follows:—“Yaj denotes several actions. It does not necessarily signify the throwing of the oblations into the fire, but also giving money, or providing the means of the sacrifice.

For

instance, they say ‘O how well he sacrifices,’ in the case of one who provides the means properly. That providing of the means, or giving money, is done by Pushpamitra, and the sacrificing priests cause him so to provide or so to become the sacrificer. In this sense, then, Pushpamitra sacrifices (yajate), and the priests cause him to perform it (ydjayanti).” This is the uninverted or the usual order. In the sense of throwing the oblations into the fire, the other is the correct Order.”

In this instance we see Patanjali speaks of the sacrifices of Pushpamitra as if he were familiar with them ; and by itself this passage shows that he could not have lived, long after him, certainly not so long as 175 years after, as Prof. Weber makes out.

But the other instance

[MARCH, 1873.

be traversed [something will be done inj that portion which lies on that side of Sãketa.f In these two instances we see that the limit of the

distance is Pātaliputra, and that it is divided into two parts, one of which is on this side of Säketa, and the other on that. Säketa, then, must be in the middle, i.e., on the way from the place represented by “this' in the expression ‘this side, to Pātaliputra. This place must be that where Patanjali speaks or writes; and it must, we see, be in the line connecting Såketa and Pātaliputra on the side of it remote from Pātali putra. The bearing of Oudh from Pâtna is north-west by west ; Patanjali's native place, therefore, must have been somewhere to the north-west by west of Oudh. Prof. Weber thinks he lived to the east of Pātaliputra; but of this I have spoken elsewhere. Let us now see whether the information thus

gathered can be brought into harmony with the tradition mentioned above. The exact posi tion of Gonarda is not known ; but if it really was Patanjali's country, it must have been situated somewhere to the north or north-west of

pointed out in page 300 vol. I. of the Antiquary,

in which his sacrifices are spoken of as if going on, shows that he lived in Pushpamitra's time. The three passages, then, in which his name occurs, are perfectly consistent with, and confirm,

Oudh.

Now, there is a district thereabouts

which is known by the name of Gonda, and there is also a town of that name about 20 miles to

the north-west of Oudh.

According to the

usual rules of corruption, Sansk. rida (#) is in the

each other. PATANJALI's NATIVE

PLACE.

Prākrits corrupted to dda (*), but sometimes also it is changed to dila (#).f Gonarda, there

Indian tradition makes the author of the

fore, must in the Prākrit assume the form

Mahābhāshya a native of a country called Gonarda, which is spoken of by the grammarians

Gonadda. Hasty pronunciation elides the a, and, in the later stages of the development of

as an eastern country.

The Mātsya Purāna also

the Prākrits, one of the two similar consonants

enumerates it amongst the countries in that

is rejected. The form is thus reduced to Gonda, which is the way in which it is now pronounced.

direction. The position of Patanjali's native place, whether it was Gonarda or some other, can, I think, be pretty definitely fixed by means of certain passages in his work.

In his comments

on III. 3, 136, the two following passages occur: -Yoyam adhrá gata à Pátaliputrāt tasya yada varam Stiketát—‘Of the distance or path from

General Cunningham derives Gonda from Gauda.S But, so far as I am aware, there are no instances of the insertion of a nasal in a Prakrit word, when it does not exist in the corresponding Sanskrit one. It appears, therefore, very probable that the district of Gonda in Oudh was the

ancient Gonarda, and had the honour of giving birth to the great author of the Mahābhāshya. thing was done inj that part of it which is on this. The NATIVE country of KATYA'YANA. side of Sãketa;' and yoyam adhvá á Pátaliputrád Prof. Weber is of opinion that Kātyāyana gantavyas tasya yat param Sãketát—‘Of the distance or path up to Pātaliputra which is to was one of the eastern grammarians, and Dr.

Pātaliputra which has been traversed [such a

• Pan. III. 1, 25. Katyń. THIſāq aſſiqāīā; Patan. Ti TETâriſ, lifaſſàTſ Tārºft: läſäsä Hſiéâ:Hä

Hºſſº affiti Haq: , qºſhāī Hāā Hrážſ Hſin TT CH Hää få iſ; Hſiſ ###, &c. Fáiſi láà Hääzi Gºſhār āſāqā HIHFT THzāſā t I omit the grammatical details of this as not necessary. Kātyā. HETIſāq aſſiqār āſāſīHITſ Hā’īāſā

I See War. Prākr. Praka. III. 26.

Patan. Hºſſºg aſſāqārs fºr: I 35 ; I aſsiſſãaſ

$ Anc. Geog. p. 408, and Arch. Surv. vol.I., p. 327.