en
Atreya—
so on.
Haritasa ..................Mahāpātra. - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - -
Dāsa.
Kauchhasa ......... • * * * * *
};
Ghritakauchhasa ...... , Mudgala .................. Satpathi, vulgo Pathi, also vulgo Satpasti. Batsasa
........... ... ... Dāsa,
Acharya, Miśra.
Kātyāyana ............... Sărangi.
Kāpinjala ......
- -- -- - - - -
Dāsa.
II.-NorthERN LINE.
1. Rig-Veda. Not represented. 2. Yajur-Veda. Kātyāyana ............... Panqā. Sândălya............ • * * * * * j, Krishnātreya ............ ,, and Dāsa,
Bhāradwaja...............
69
The commonest surnames are Panda and
Mahāpātra in Balasor; probably because the families of the gotras to which they belong have
a. Dattātreya ......... Ratha. b. Krishnātreya ...... * > xx
a
PATANJALI'S MAHABHASHYA.
MARCH, 1873.]
22
Barshagana............... Miśra. Kaphala ...... • 23
- - -
Gautama................ ... Kara. 3. Atharva-Vedi.
multiplied more extensively there.
Some of
the upddhis given above are very rare in Balasor, as Tripáthi, Ratha, Dube; the others are common enough. Some of them are also borne by other castes. Thus all the Karans, a class correspond ing to the Kāyasthas of Bengal, have the
Mahanti,
surname in the north contracted to Maiti. This fashion of caste surnames has been extended to the lower castes also : thus we have among the artizan castes the titles Pătar, Raná, Ojhā, Jena (a very low name, chiefly used by Påns, and other impure castes), Răut, Kar, De, and the Bangali names Ghosh and Bose (Basu). These names, where
they are the same as
those borne in other provinces, are used by lower castes.
Thus Ghosh and Basu in Bangali are
highly respectable Kāyastha names, in Orissa they are borne by Răjus, Gokhas, and other low castes. The cowherd class, the Gwalá of Upper India, are here called Gaur or Gaul, and take the surnames Behera, Palai, Send, &c. Behera seems to have been adopted from the English, as it is
this class that furnishes the well-known Oriya
Ángirasa ......... .........Upadhyāya, vulgo Upa
‘bearers’ of Calcutta.
dhya. Of lower branches, and considered inferior to the abºve, are— Sánkhyāyana ............ Mahanti. Nägasa ..................Dāsa, and Mahanti.
But to return to the Brähmans,—the gotra names, it will be seen, are for the most part
In explanation of the upádhis, I would state
seems to add confirmation to the legend of the origin of this caste from Kanauj. A Rishi's name occurs also among upddhis in one instance; Sărangi being from Sanskr, Särngi, patronymic from Sringa Rishi. Panda is hardly a gotra upādhi, being applied to all Brāhmans who
that they are, so to speak, the surnames of each
gotra; for instance, a Brähman of the Kāśyapa gotra, whose personal name was Rādha Krishna, would be known and spoken of, and speak of him
self, as Rādhā Krishna Nand; Patit Pāban, of the Kātyāyana gotra, is Patitpāban Sărangi; and
patronymics from well-known Rishis, and are identical with many of those still in use in the North-Western Provinces.
This circumstance
officiate as priests.
PATANJALI'S MAHABHASHYA By PROFESSOR RAMKRISHNA GOPAL BHANDARKAR, M.A. PUs HPAMITRA.
SINCE I wrote last on the subject, I have discovered a third passage in the Mahābhāshya in which Pushpamitra is spoken of. Pānini in III. 1, 26, teaches that the termination aya, technically called ni, should be applied to a root when the action of causing something to be done is implied. Upon this, the author of the Vârtikas observes that a rule should be made to provide for the use of the causal and primitive forms in the uninverted or the usual order in the case of
the roots yaj and others. This Patanjali explains thus :-" Pushpamitra sacrifices (yajate), and the sacrificing priests cause him to sacrifice (i.e., to be the sacrificer by performing the ceremonies for him). This is the usual or uninverted order of using the forms. But by Pānini's rule the order ought to be “Pushpamitra causes (the priests) to sacrifice, and the priests sacrifice.’” This objection is removed by the author of the Wärtikas himself, by saying that the root yaj, signifying several actions, the usual or unin