JANUARY, 1873.]

7

ARCHAEOLOGY OF HASSAN DISTRICT.

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its peculiar modus operandi, work a change for the better on those who come under its influence.

Two more hymns on the same subject follow,

of union, with its manner of penetrating making one well-nigh mad: My mind is agitated, it cannot be still, streams flow from my eyes: I

and in No. 5 Rādhā herself breaks silence.

know not what manner of man it is who utters

Kadamba bane, thāke kona jane, kemana Šabada

such words: I see him not, my heart is perturbed, I cannot stay in the house: My soul rests not, it flutters to and fro in hope of seeing him : When she sees him, she will find her soul, quoth

aS1 :

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Eki āchambite, šrabaner pathe, marmer-hala paši:

Sandhāfiá marame, ghuchańá dharame, karile pāgali pārā : Chita sthira nahe, såstha nã rahe, nayåne bahaye dhārā :

Ki jane kemana, sei kona jana, emana Šabada kare :

Na dekhi tähäre, hridaya bidare, rahite ná pár ghare :

Parāna nã dhare, dhaka dhaka kare, rahe dar Šana åse:

Jabahun dekhibe, parāna pāibe, kahaye Urddhaba Dăse :

“In the kadamba grove what man is (that) standing 2 What sort of word coming is this: the plough of whose meaning has penetrated startlingly the path of hearing ! With a hint

Urdhab Dās.”

I have left myself no space to finish this

Pallab, or to make remarks on the peculiarities of the language, which in the older masters would more properly be called old Maithila than Ben gali. It is nearly identical with the language still spoken in Tirhut, the ancient Mithili, and in Munger and Bhāgalpur, the ancient Magadha, than modern Bengali. As the Aryan race grew and multiplied it naturally poured out its surplus population in Bengal, and it is not only philolo gically obvious that Bengali is nothing more than a further, and very modern development of the extreme eastern dialect of Hindi.

All these

considerations, however, I hope still further to develope at some future time.

oN THE RUDE STONE ARCH.EOLOGY OF THE HASSAN DISTRICT, MAISUR. BY CAPTAIN J. S. F. MACKENZIE, MAISUR COMMISSION.

HERE, there, everywhere are to be found scattered throughout the district the remains of ancient races. Before describing these, how ever, I would wish to point out what to me

elaborate megalithic structures of one or more

to, in trying to generalize the results of the many

chambers. It is needless to multiply examples. The time has arrived when the annals of prehis toric research should be purged of this evil. With a view of making some sort of a begin ning the following suggestions are made :BARRow.—(A. S. beorg, bearh, hill mound, sepulchral mound, from beorgan, to shelter.— Webster) : All mounds raised above the level of the ground without any circle of stones to mark the edge. TUMULI.—Similar mounds having a circle of

examinations made, can only be appretiated by

stones either on the top or round the bottom.

those who have made the attempt. In the October number of the Journal of the Ethnological Society of London 1869, we have a paper by Major Pearse

closed area is on a level with the surrounding ground. The size of the stones which mark the

appears a grave defect in all reports of such re mains. Everybody who has read the interesting papers from time to time printed in the journals of different societies must have observed that

the words cairn, kistvaen, cromlech, stone

circle, dolmen, are employed by different writers in different senses. The difficulty this gives rise

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on the raised “Stone Circle” or “Barrow.” Here then we have stone circle or barrow as converti

CIRCLEs.-Circles of stones where the en

circumference being immaterial. CRoMLECH.-Stone structures above or par

ble terms. Sir W. Denison in his paper on “Permanence of Type,” published in the same journal, calls similar remains tumuli; other writers when describing them use the word

tially above ground and which are surrounded by a circle of stones. DolMEN.—Similar structures but without the circle of stones.

cairn. In his Prehistoric Times, Sir John Lub bock has “cromlechs” or stone “circles,” while

Dr. Lukis applies the word cromlech to all

CAIRNs.—Heaps of small stones whether sur rounded by a circle or not.