question was productive of the worst results. 57 It hap pened that E. L. Applegate, brother of O. C. and Ivan Applegate, commissaries on the reservation, was in Washington as a commissioner of immigration; but the legislature of Oregon having failed to furnish funds for his purposes, he was in need of some other commission. Meacham, ex-superintendent of Indian affairs, was also there, and these two men proposed to the perplexed secretary of the interior a plan of settle ment of the Modoc difficulty in harmony with his prejudices. 58 When the scheme was ripe, Attorney- general Williams arranged an interview, and the thing was accomplished. Other politicians made the appeal in favor of a peace commission, and closed their argu ment by recommending Meacham as a commissioner, being a man "in whom they have great confidence" meaning the Modocs. All this seems very singular, when it is remembered that Jack would have none of Meacham s advice when he was superintendent. It was not less singular that E. L. Applegate should have consented to act directly in opposition to the opinions of his family, gained by a harassing experi ence; but the fact remains that Meacham returned to Oregon as chairman of a peace commission. 59

On the 30th of January the secretary of war di rected General Sherman to notify Canby that offens ive operations against the Modocs should cease, and the troops be used only to repel attacks and protect the citizens. Wheaton was also relieved of his com mand, 60 which was assumed by Colonel Alvin C. Gillem

57 See remarks of N. Y. Tribune, in S. F. Bulletin, Jan. 25, 1873, and Sac. Union, Jan. 31, 1873.

58 See H. Ex. Doc., 122, 239-40, 43d cong. 1st sess.

69 The Washington correspondent of the S. F. Bulletin names the Orego- nians in Washington who were the authors of the peace commission. They were A. B. Meacham, E. L. Applegate, S. A. Clarke, D. P. Thompson, M. P. Berry, R. H. Kincaid, Daniel Chaplin, and a few other Oregon gentle men. Jacob Stitzel should have been added. Meacham was the elector chosen to carry the vote of Oregon to Washington on Grant s reelection, and was in a position to have his requests granted.

60 There was a general protest against Wheaton s removal, it being con ceded, by those who knew the difficulties to be encountered, that he had done as well as could be done with his force. \n