TREATIES AND PURCHASE OF LANDS. 361

imbittered toward the American people. Governor Stevens of Washington Territoy, when exploring for the Pacific railroad, in 1853, had visited and conferred with the tribes north and east of the Columbia con cerning the sale of their lands, all of whom professed a willingness to dispose of them, and to enter into treaty relations with the government. 31 Stevens had reported accordingly to congress, which appropriated money to defray the expense of these negotiations, and appointed Stevens and Palmer commissioners to make the treaties. But in the mean time a vear and

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a half had elapsed, and the Indians had been given time to reconsider their hasty expressions of friend ship, and to indulge in many melancholy forebodings of the consequences of parting with the sovereignty of the country. These regrets and apprehensions were heightened by a knowledge of the Indian war of 1853 in Rogue River Valley, the expedition against the Mo- docs and Piutes, and the expedition of Major Haller then in progress for the punishment of the murderers of the Ward company. They had also been informed by rumor that the Oregon superintendent designed to take a part of the country which they had agreed to surrender for a reservation for the diseased and de graded tribes of western Oregon, whose presence or neighborhood they as little desired as the white inhab itants. At least, that is what the Indians said of them selves.

Aware to some extent of this feeling, Stevens sent in January 1855 one of his most trusted aids, James D oty, among the Indians east of the mountains, to ascertain their views before opening negotiations for the purchase of their lands. To Doty the Indians made the same professions of friendship and willing ness to sell their country which they had made to Stevens in 1853: and it was agreed to hold a general

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council of the Yakimas, Nez Perces, Cayuses, Walla

31 /. 7. Stem?*, in Ind. Aff. Rept, 1854, 184, 248; U. 8. H. Ex. Doc. 55, 2, 33d cong. 1st sess.