320 ROGUE RIVER WAR.

On the whole, the people of Rogue River behaved very well after the treaty. The settlers and miners in the Illinois Valley about the middle of October be ing troubled by incursions of the coast tribes, who had fled into the interior to escape the penalty of their depreciations on the beach miners about Crescent City, Lieutenant R. C. W. Radford was sent from Port Lane with a small detachment to chastise them. Finding them more numerous than was expected, Radford was compelled to send for reinforcements, which arriving under Lieutenant Caster on the 22d, a three days chase over a mountainous country brought them up with the marauders, when the troops had a skirmish with them, killing ten or more, and captur ing a considerable amount of property which had been stolen, but losing two men killed and four wounded.

After this the miners hereabout took care of them selves, and made a treaty with that part of the Rogue River tribe, which was observed until January 1854, when a party of miners from Sailor Diggings, in their pursuit of an unknown band of robbers attacked the treaty Indians, some being killed on both sides; but the Indian agent being sent for, an explanation en sued, and peace was, temporarily restored.

The Indian disturbances of 1853 in this part of Or egon, according to the report of the secretary of war, 24 cost the lives of more than a hundred white persons and several hundred Indians. The expense was esti mated at $7,000 a day, or a total of $258,000, though the war lasted for little more than a month, and there had been in the field only from 200 to 500 men.

In addition to the actual direct expense of the war

upon was $12,000, two small houses, costing about $200, fencing and plowing a field of five acres, and furnishing the seed to sow it; the purchase money to be paid in annual instalments of goods. This sum was insignificant com pared to the value of the land, but bargains of this kind were graded by the number of persons in the band, the Cow Creeks being but few. Besides, Indian agen.s who intend to have their treaties ratified must get the best bargains that can be extorted from ignorance and need. " U. S. H. Ex. Doc., i., pt ii. 43, 33d cong. 1st sess.