CHAPTER IV.

A DELEGATE TO CONGRESS.

1849-1850.

PAGE

The Absence of Judges Island Mills Arrival of William Strong Oppo sition to the Hudson s Bay Company Arrest of British Ship Cap tains George Gibbs The Albion Affair Samuel R. Thurston Chosen Delegate to Congress His Life and Character Proceeds to Washington Misrepresentations and Unprincipled Measures Rank Injustice toward McLoughlin Efficient Work for Oregon The Donation Land Bill The Cayuse War Claim and Other Appro priations Secured The People Lose Confidence in their Delegate Death of Thurston 101

CHAPTER V.

ADMINISTRATION OF GAINES. 1850-1852.

An Official Vacancy Gaines Appointed Governor His Reception in Ore gon The Legislative Assembly in Session Its Personnel The Ter ritorial Library Location of the Capital Oregon City or Salem Warm and Prolonged Contest Two Legislatures War between the Law- makers and the Federal Judges Appeal to Congress Salem Declared the Capital A New Session Called Feuds of the Public Press Unpopularity of Gaines Close of his Term Lane Appointed his Successor 139

CHAPTER YE.

DISCOVERY OF GOLD IN OREGON.

1850-1852.

Politics and Prospecting Immigration An Era of Discovery Explora tions on the Southern Oregon Seaboard The California Company The Schooner Samuel Roberts at the Mouths of Rogue River and the Umpqua Meeting with the Oregon Party Laying-out of Lands and Town Sites Failure of the Umpqua Company The Finding of Gold in Various Localities The Mail Service Efforts of Thurston in Congress Settlement of Port Orford and Discovery of Coos Bay The Colony at Port Orford Indian Attack The T Vault Expedi tion Massacre Government Assistance 174

CHAPTER VII.

INDIAN AFFAIRS. 1851.

PoliticsElection of a Delegate Extinguishment of Indian Titles Ind ian Superintendents and Agents Appointed Kindness of the Great Father at Washington Appropriations of Congress Frauds Arising